血管活性腸肽

血管活性腸肽
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜尋: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	2RRI、2RRH
識別號
別名	VIP；, vasoactive intestinal peptide, PHM27
外部ID	OMIM：192320 MGI：98933 HomoloGene：2539 GeneCards：VIP
基因位置（人類）
染色體	6號染色體
終止	152,759,765 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色體	小鼠10號染色體
終止	5,597,617 bp
RNA表達模式
	查閱更多表達數據
基因本體
分子功能	• hormone activity; • 血漿蛋白結合; • neuropeptide hormone activity; • peptide hormone receptor binding;
細胞組分	• 細胞外區域; • 胞內; • neuron projection; • 細胞本體;
生物學過程	• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • body fluid secretion; • prolactin secretion; • mRNA stabilization; • positive regulation of cell population proliferation; • 先天免疫系統; • positive regulation of protein catabolic process; • regulation of protein localization; • antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; • regulation of signaling receptor activity; • adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; • 學習和記憶; • positive regulation of epinephrine secretion; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of potassium ion transport; • epinephrine secretion; • 平滑肌細胞增殖的負調控; • regulation of sensory perception of pain; • positive regulation of penile erection; • phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	7432
	22353
	ENSG00000146469
	ENSMUSG00000019772
	P01282
	P32648
	NM_003381; NM_194435
	NM_011702; NM_001313969
	NP_003372; NP_919416
NP_001300898; NP_035832; NP_001394459; NP_001394460; NP_001394461;
	NP_001394462; NP_001394463
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

血管活性腸肽（Vasoactive intestinal peptide），常簡稱VIP，屬於一種可促進腸道血管活性（英語：vasoactive）的肽類激素，由28個氨基酸殘基組成。本蛋白屬於胰高血糖素/促胰液素超家族（英語：protein superfamily），為第二型G蛋白偶聯受體的配體^[5]。VIP在許多脊椎動物身上皆存在，包含腸（英語：Gut (zoology)）、胰臟，以及下丘腦視上核（英語：suprachiasmatic nuclei）^[6]^[7]^[8]。VIP能刺激心臟收縮力（英語：contractility）、血管舒張、增加糖原分解、降低動脈血壓，以及促進氣管、胃、膽囊平滑肌舒張。在人類體內，該蛋白的編碼基因為「VIP」^[9]

VIP在血中的半衰期（t_½）約兩分鐘^[10]。

參考文獻

血管活性腸肽受體（英語：Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor）
VPAC1（英語：VIPR1）
VPAC2（英語：VIPR2）

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146469 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000019772 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Umetsu Y, Tenno T, Goda N, Shirakawa M, Ikegami T, Hiroaki H. Structural difference of vasoactive intestinal peptide in two distinct membrane-mimicking environments. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. May 2011, 1814 (5): 724–30. PMID 21439408. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.03.009.
^ Juhász T, Helgadottir SL, Tamás A, Reglődi D, Zákány R. PACAP and VIP signaling in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Peptides. April 2015, 66: 51–7. PMID 25701761. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.02.001.
^ Delgado M, Ganea D. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a neuropeptide with pleiotropic immune functions. Amino Acids. July 2013, 45 (1): 25–39. PMC 3883350  . PMID 22139413. doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1184-8.
^ Fahrenkrug J. VIP and PACAP. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 2010-01-01, 50: 221–34. PMID 19859678. doi:10.1007/400_2009_24.
^ Hahm SH, Eiden LE. Cis-regulatory elements controlling basal and inducible VIP gene transcription. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. December 1998, 865: 10–26. PMID 9927992.
^ Henning RJ, Sawmiller DR. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: cardiovascular effects. Cardiovascular Research. January 2001, 49 (1): 27–37. PMID 11121793.

延伸閱讀

Watanabe J. Subchapter 18E - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. Handbook of Hormones (Academic Press). 1 January 2016: 150–e18E–10. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801028-0.00146-x.
Fahrenkrug J. Gut/brain peptides in the genital tract: VIP and PACAP. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum. 2001, 234: 35–9. PMID 11713978.
Delgado M, Pozo D, Ganea D. The significance of vasoactive intestinal peptide in immunomodulation. Pharmacological Reviews. June 2004, 56 (2): 249–90. PMID 15169929. doi:10.1124/pr.56.2.7.
Conconi MT, Spinazzi R, Nussdorfer GG. Endogenous ligands of PACAP/VIP receptors in the autocrine-paracrine regulation of the adrenal gland. International Review of Cytology. 2006, 249: 1–51. ISBN 978-0-12-364653-8. PMID 16697281. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)49001-X.
Hill JM. Vasoactive intestinal peptide in neurodevelopmental disorders: therapeutic potential. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2007, 13 (11): 1079–89. PMID 17430171. doi:10.2174/138161207780618975.
Gonzalez-Rey E, Varela N, Chorny A, Delgado M. Therapeutical approaches of vasoactive intestinal peptide as a pleiotropic immunomodulator. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2007, 13 (11): 1113–39. PMID 17430175. doi:10.2174/138161207780618966.
Glowa JR, Panlilio LV, Brenneman DE, Gozes I, Fridkin M, Hill JM. Learning impairment following intracerebral administration of the HIV envelope protein gp120 or a VIP antagonist. Brain Research. January 1992, 570 (1-2): 49–53. PMID 1617429. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90562-n.
Theriault Y, Boulanger Y, St-Pierre S. Structural determination of the vasoactive intestinal peptide by two-dimensional H-NMR spectroscopy. Biopolymers. March 1991, 31 (4): 459–64. PMID 1863695. doi:10.1002/bip.360310411.
Gozes I, Giladi E, Shani Y. Vasoactive intestinal peptide gene: putative mechanism of information storage at the RNA level. Journal of Neurochemistry. April 1987, 48 (4): 1136–41. PMID 2434617. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05638.x.
Yamagami T, Ohsawa K, Nishizawa M, Inoue C, Gotoh E, Yanaihara N, Yamamoto H, Okamoto H. Complete nucleotide sequence of human vasoactive intestinal peptide/PHM-27 gene and its inducible promoter. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1988, 527: 87–102. PMID 2839091. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb26975.x.
DeLamarter JF, Buell GN, Kawashima E, Polak JM, Bloom SR. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: expression of the prohormone in bacterial cells. Peptides. 1985,. 6 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 95–102. PMID 2995945. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90016-6.
Linder S, Barkhem T, Norberg A, Persson H, Schalling M, Hökfelt T, Magnusson G. Structure and expression of the gene encoding the vasoactive intestinal peptide precursor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. January 1987, 84 (2): 605–9. PMC 304259  . PMID 3025882. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.2.605.
Gozes I, Bodner M, Shani Y, Fridkin M. Structure and expression of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene in a human tumor. Peptides. 1986,. 7 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 1–6. PMID 3748844. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(86)90156-7.
Tsukada T, Horovitch SJ, Montminy MR, Mandel G, Goodman RH. Structure of the human vasoactive intestinal polypeptide gene. Dna. August 1985, 4 (4): 293–300. PMID 3899557. doi:10.1089/dna.1985.4.293.
Heinz-Erian P, Dey RD, Flux M, Said SI. Deficient vasoactive intestinal peptide innervation in the sweat glands of cystic fibrosis patients. Science. September 1985, 229 (4720): 1407–8. PMID 4035357. doi:10.1126/science.4035357.

外部連結

Pathway at biocarta.com （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
MCG生理學 6/6ch2/s6ch2_34

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146469 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000019772 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Umetsu Y, Tenno T, Goda N, Shirakawa M, Ikegami T, Hiroaki H. Structural difference of vasoactive intestinal peptide in two distinct membrane-mimicking environments. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. May 2011, 1814 (5): 724–30. PMID 21439408. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.03.009.

[6] Juhász T, Helgadottir SL, Tamás A, Reglődi D, Zákány R. PACAP and VIP signaling in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Peptides. April 2015, 66: 51–7. PMID 25701761. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.02.001.

[7] Delgado M, Ganea D. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a neuropeptide with pleiotropic immune functions. Amino Acids. July 2013, 45 (1): 25–39. PMC 3883350  . PMID 22139413. doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1184-8.

[8] Fahrenkrug J. VIP and PACAP. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 2010-01-01, 50: 221–34. PMID 19859678. doi:10.1007/400_2009_24.

[9] Hahm SH, Eiden LE. Cis-regulatory elements controlling basal and inducible VIP gene transcription. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. December 1998, 865: 10–26. PMID 9927992.

[10] Henning RJ, Sawmiller DR. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: cardiovascular effects. Cardiovascular Research. January 2001, 49 (1): 27–37. PMID 11121793.

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