新兴病毒

新兴病毒(Emergent virus;Emerging virus)泛指新出现且短期内可能快速散播的病毒[1],为造成新兴传染病的主要原因,可能造成地方或全球的疾病爆发而导致公共卫生危机[2],并严重影响经济[3],例如2002年至2004年SARS-CoV造成的SARS事件以及2019年至今SARS-CoV-2造成的2019冠状病毒病疫情[4][5],此外还有中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)、人类免疫缺乏病毒(HIV)、伊波拉病毒[6]H5N1流感病毒(造成禽流感[7]H1N1流感病毒(造成2009年H1N1新型流感疫情[8]等。新兴病毒的由来通常是感染其他动物的病毒跨物种感染人类,造成人畜共通传染病,因其以其他动物为自然宿主,通常难以完全根除英语Eradication of infectious diseases,而会长期流传于人群中[9]

电子显微镜下的SARS-CoV-2

新兴病毒与再发病毒(re-emerging viruses)或新发现病毒(newly detected viruses)不同,再发病毒为过去已存在、近期再次爆发的病毒[1][10],例如麻疹病毒[11];新发现病毒则为过去已广泛流传,但可能因难以分离、培养而未鉴定识别的病毒[12][13],例如鼻病毒(最常造成普通感冒的病毒,但迟至1956年才被鉴定发表)[14]C型肝炎病毒(1989年被鉴定发表)[15]人类偏肺病毒(2001年被鉴定发表,但可能在十九世纪时即已在人群中流传)[16]

参考文献

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  7. ^ Wei P, Cai Z, Hua J, Yu W, Chen J, Kang K, et al. Pains and Gains from China's Experiences with Emerging Epidemics: From SARS to H7N9. BioMed Research International. 2016, 2016: 5717108. PMC 4971293 . PMID 27525272. doi:10.1155/2016/5717108. 
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  10. ^ Miquel Porta (编). A Dictionary of Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, USA. 2008: 78 [2021-06-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-971815-3. (原始内容存档于2020-11-15). 
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  14. ^ Kennedy JL, Turner RB, Braciale T, Heymann PW, Borish L. Pathogenesis of rhinovirus infection. Current Opinion in Virology. June 2012, 2 (3): 287–93. PMC 3378761 . PMID 22542099. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.03.008. 
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