杨氏直译本
杨氏直译本(Young's Literal Translation,缩写 YLT)是圣经的一种英文译本,出版于1862年,翻译者是罗伯特·杨,是“杨格氏汇编”(Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible)和新约简明注解(Concise Critical Comments on the New Testament)的编者。1887年杨氏又完成了一个修订版。1888年10月14日他去世后,出版商又在1898年发行了新修订版。
杨氏直译本,Young's Literal Translation | |
---|---|
全名 | Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible |
缩写 | YLT |
全书出版时间 | 1862年 |
翻译类型 | 严格直译 |
版权 | 公共领域 |
《创世记》第1章第1-3节 | |
In the beginning of Elohim's preparing the heavens and the earth — the earth hath existed waste and void, and darkness [is] on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God fluttering on the face of the waters, and God saith, `Let light be;' and light is. | |
《约翰福音》第3章第16节 | |
For God did so love the world, that His Son — the only begotten — He gave, that every one who is believing in him may not perish, but may have life age-during. |
顾名思义,杨氏直译本是严格按照希伯来语和希腊语的原文直译。他在在第二版的序言中写道:
- 如果译文将原文的过去时译成现在时,或者将现在时译成过去时;将完成时译成将来时,或将将来时译成完成时;将“the”译成“a”,或将“a”译成“the”;将虚拟语气译成祈使语气,或将祈使语气译成虚拟语气;将名词译成动词,或将动词译成名词,很清楚,字句的默示被大大忽略,好像不存在一样。神的话语被人为的传统取消了(原文加着重号)[1]
因此,杨氏直译本在其他译本使用过去时的地方使用了现在时。例如,杨氏直译本的创世纪开头部分如下:
1 In the beginning of Elohim's preparing the heavens and the earth — 2 the earth hath existed waste and void, and darkness [is] on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God fluttering on the face of the waters, 3 and God saith, 'Let light be;' and light is.[2]
比起较流行的英文译本,杨氏直译本更接近于希伯来语原文。例如,新修订标准本(NRSV),同一段落译为:
1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters. 3 And God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light.[3]
杨氏直译本比新修订标准本更准确地反映了希伯来原文的意义。Bereshith bara elokim,新修订标准本译为“In the beginning God created...”,是结构态(bereshith),而不是完成态(barishona),意味着动作在过程中,尚未完成。同样,与希伯来原文不符,在新修订标准本中,将这几节分为三句(古代希伯来文没有标点符号,分句必须靠推断),由于词汇wa ha-aretz hayetha的顺序(主语-动词)译为“the earth being”(杨氏直译本译为“the earth hath existed”),而新修订标准本译为“and the earth was”要求词序为wa tehi ha-aretz(动词-主语)。[4] 杨氏直译本较多使用现在时而不是过去时,得到了一些学者的支持,例如中世纪犹太拉比Rashi,以及理查德·艾略特·弗里德曼在他关于摩西五经翻译的书The Bible with Sources Revealed(2002年)。[5]
参考文献
- ^ 圣经杨氏直译本第二版序言
- ^ 创世纪,杨氏直译本. [2008-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-29).
- ^ 创世纪,新修订标准本. [2008-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-20).
- ^ H. M. Orlinsky, Genesis 1, from Notes on the New JPS Translation of the Torah (1969), Jewish Publication Society. [2008-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-11).
- ^ Richard Elliott Friedman, "The Bible with Sources revealed", Harpers, 2002.
外部链接
- Young's Literal Translation (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),全文在线
- Downloadable PDF of Young's Literal Translation (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Youngs's Literal Translation, Baker Book House 1955 Reprint. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at The DCL.
- Complete book list of the Youngs's Literal Translation (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. XII: Trench - Zwingli (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)