管笛
管笛(英语:fife,/faɪf/ FYFE),又译小横笛、菲菲笛、法依富笛等,是一种小型、高音调的横向气鸣乐器,类似于短笛[1]。管笛起源于中世纪欧洲,常用于管笛鼓乐队、军乐队以及行进乐队。英文中的“管笛”一词来源于德文的“Pfeife”,意为管子,后者则来源自拉丁文的“pipare”。
木管乐器 | |
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乐器别名 | 小横笛、菲菲笛、法依富笛 |
分类 | *管乐器 |
H-S分类 | 421.121.12 (open side-blown flutes with fingerholes) |
音域 | |
相关乐器 | |
管笛是一种全音阶调音的乐器,通常由一根带有六个指孔的管子和一个吹奏时会发出声音的吹口孔组成。现代版本的管笛是半音阶的,有10或11个指孔,可以吹奏任何音符。在10孔版的管笛上,双手的食指、中指和无名指保持与6孔版管笛相同的位置,而两个拇指和两个小指则用于吹奏临时变音记号。11孔版管笛的孔位置类似,但在右手中指下方增加了第二个孔。
管笛主要由木料制成,例如黑檀木、黑檀木、玫瑰木、莫帕尼木、粉红象牙木、黄檀木、黄杨木、枫木或柿木等。一些版本的管笛则完全由金属或塑料制成。
军乐队和行进乐队所使用的管笛一般在尾部套有金属环,以保护其免受损害。一支在不太易损的条件下使用的管笛,其末端可能带有车床加工的旋钮状装饰,以起到保护作用。现代管笛可能采用两件式或三件式结构,并可能包含由金属或软木制成的滑动调音接头。
参见
参考文献
- ^ fife · Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection · Grinnell College Libraries. omeka-s.grinnell.edu. [2024-11-01].
- Brown, Howard Mayer; Frank, Jaap; et al. Fife. Sadie, Stanley (编). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 8. New York: Oxford University Press. 2001.
外部链接
- The Fife Museum
- Digitized copy of Compleat tutor for the fife: Containing the best & easiest instructions to learn that instrument, with a collection of celebrated march's & airs perform'd in the Guards & other regiments & c published by Charles & Samuel Thompson, 1765, from National Library of Scotland. JPEG, PDF, XML versions
- The Virginia State Garrison Fifes and Drums, a history of the development of the Virginia State Garrison Regiment fifes and drums and their representation today
- Fife traditional music in the county of Nice (France)
- Fife fingering guide
- Ulster Scots and Scots Irish Fifing Music
- The Company of Fifers and Drummers, organization of corps and individuals who perpetuate the Ancient (U.S.) fife and drum tradition
- Military Music in American and European Traditions, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
- The Plymouth Fife and Drum Corps