管笛
管笛(英語:fife,/faɪf/ FYFE),又譯小橫笛、菲菲笛、法依富笛等,是一種小型、高音調的橫向氣鳴樂器,類似於短笛[1]。管笛起源於中世紀歐洲,常用於管笛鼓樂隊、軍樂隊以及行進樂隊。英文中的「管笛」一詞來源於德文的「Pfeife」,意為管子,後者則來源自拉丁文的「pipare」。
木管樂器 | |
---|---|
樂器別名 | 小橫笛、菲菲笛、法依富笛 |
分類 | *管樂器 |
H-S分類 | 421.121.12 (open side-blown flutes with fingerholes) |
音域 | |
相關樂器 | |
管笛是一種全音階調音的樂器,通常由一根帶有六個指孔的管子和一個吹奏時會發出聲音的吹口孔組成。現代版本的管笛是半音階的,有10或11個指孔,可以吹奏任何音符。在10孔版的管笛上,雙手的食指、中指和無名指保持與6孔版管笛相同的位置,而兩個拇指和兩個小指則用於吹奏臨時變音記號。11孔版管笛的孔位置類似,但在右手中指下方增加了第二個孔。
管笛主要由木料製成,例如黑檀木、黑檀木、玫瑰木、莫帕尼木、粉紅象牙木、黃檀木、黃楊木、楓木或柿木等。一些版本的管笛則完全由金屬或塑料製成。
軍樂隊和行進樂隊所使用的管笛一般在尾部套有金屬環,以保護其免受損害。一支在不太易損的條件下使用的管笛,其末端可能帶有車床加工的旋鈕狀裝飾,以起到保護作用。現代管笛可能採用兩件式或三件式結構,並可能包含由金屬或軟木製成的滑動調音接頭。
參見
參考文獻
- ^ fife · Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection · Grinnell College Libraries. omeka-s.grinnell.edu. [2024-11-01].
- Brown, Howard Mayer; Frank, Jaap; et al. Fife. Sadie, Stanley (編). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 8. New York: Oxford University Press. 2001.
外部連結
- The Fife Museum
- Digitized copy of Compleat tutor for the fife: Containing the best & easiest instructions to learn that instrument, with a collection of celebrated march's & airs perform'd in the Guards & other regiments & c published by Charles & Samuel Thompson, 1765, from National Library of Scotland. JPEG, PDF, XML versions
- The Virginia State Garrison Fifes and Drums, a history of the development of the Virginia State Garrison Regiment fifes and drums and their representation today
- Fife traditional music in the county of Nice (France)
- Fife fingering guide
- Ulster Scots and Scots Irish Fifing Music
- The Company of Fifers and Drummers, organization of corps and individuals who perpetuate the Ancient (U.S.) fife and drum tradition
- Military Music in American and European Traditions, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
- The Plymouth Fife and Drum Corps