洛洛·索托罗

洛洛·索托罗·曼古哈乔(英语:Lolo Soetoro Mangunharjo,1935年1月2日—1987年3月2日),是一位印尼地质学家工程师商人,为美国第44任总统巴拉克·奥巴马的印尼藉父亲。

洛洛·索托罗
Lolo Soetoro
出生洛洛·索托罗·曼古哈乔
(Lolo Soetoro Mangunharjo)

(1935-01-02)1935年1月2日
 荷属东印度万隆
逝世1987年3月2日(1987岁—03—02)(52岁)
 印度尼西亚雅加达
国籍 印度尼西亚
教育程度夏威夷大学马诺阿分校
加查马达大学
职业地质学家工程师商人
配偶安·邓纳姆(1965年结婚;1980年离婚)
厄尔纳·库斯蒂娜(Erna Kustina,1980年结婚;1987年结束)
儿女巴拉克·奥巴马(母:安·邓纳姆
吴玛雅(母:安·邓纳姆
优素福·阿吉·索托罗(Yusuf Aji Soetoro,母:厄尔纳·库斯蒂娜)
拉哈尤·努尔迈达·索托罗(Rahayu Nurmaida Soetoro;母:厄尔纳·库斯蒂娜)
父母马蒂哈乔·索托罗(Martodihardjo Soetoro,父)
亲属Suhaila Ng(孙女)
Savita Ng(孙女)

生平

早年生活和学经历

索托罗生于万隆,他在家中排行第九,父亲是采矿受雇员,并且拥有加查马达大学的地理学学位。[1]

1962年,当时受雇于陆军地形服务的索托罗获得了美国东西方中心的助学金,并且利用该学金进入夏威夷大学马诺阿分校的地理研究生就读。[2]同年9月抵达美国夏威夷州檀香山,并于1964年获得地理硕士学位。[3]

与邓纳姆的婚姻生活和其他经历

索托罗在美国东西方中心相遇了安·邓纳姆,当时两人都是夏威夷大学马诺阿分校的研究生,因此两人相识相恋,并于1965年结婚。[4][5]

1966年,索托罗返回印尼,并帮助当地政府绘制西巴布亚的地图。而邓纳姆和儿子奥巴马当时则选择继续留在檀香山[6][7][8]

1967年,索托罗定居于印尼的首都雅加达,妻子邓纳姆和儿子奥巴马也随之迁至该地点居住了下来,最初是在南雅加达Menteng Dalam村的简陋灰泥红砖房里住了两年半,并且索特罗也拥有了一辆日本机车[6]奥巴马当时也在当地的门腾国立小学01英语State Elementary School Menteng 01读了一年半。[9][10]

1970年,索托罗找到了一个新的工作,在联合石油公司英语Unocal Corporation担任政府关系[11],之后便搬到了北两英里的一栋租房,将原本经常抛锚的日本机车出售并买了一台新车。

1970年,索托罗的女儿玛雅·卡桑德拉·苏埃托罗出生,取名为玛雅,同时也是奥巴马的同母异父的妹妹。[12][13]

1971年,奥巴马印尼住了四年后,独自一人回到美国夏威夷州。1972年,母亲邓纳姆随之带着妹妹离开印尼返回夏威夷州,并于1974年获得夏威夷大学马诺阿分校研究生的人类学硕士,一年后带着妹妹再次返回印尼,奥巴马则继续留在美国与祖父和祖母同居。

由于邓纳姆逐渐对印尼文化引起关注,而索托罗则相反对西方文化引起关注[4],而因这点不同的价值观而发生冲突[14],最终于1980年离婚。[4]

索托罗后来与第二任妻子厄尔纳·库斯蒂娜(Erna Kustina)结婚,婚后育有一子一女。[15]

逝世

1987年3月2日索托罗因肝衰竭去世,享年52岁,之后他被埋葬在南雅加达的Tanah Kusir公墓。[12][16]

参考文献

  1. ^ Habib, Ridlawn. Kalau ke Jogja, Barry bisa habiskan seekor ayam baceman [If traveling to Yogyakrta, Barry can eat one whole chicken]. 爪哇邮报英语Jawa Pos (Surabya). 2008-11-05 [2008-11-10]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-13) (印度尼西亚语).  Google Translate's English translation页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Lolo studied geography at Gadjah Mada University and got a scholarship from the Indonesian Army Topographic Service. After working for the Indonesian Army Topographic Service, he worked for an American oil company, Unocal [Union Oil Company].
  2. ^ For the record: President Obama's East-West Center connections (PDF). East-West Center Press Kit. Honolulu: East-West Center. 2009-09-11 [2011-02-06]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-15). Obama's stepfather, Lolo Soetoro, was an East–West Center graduate degree fellow (M.A. in geography) from 1962–64, before he married Obama's mother. 
  3. ^ Wester, Lyndon. History of the Department. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Department of Geography. 2010-10-13 [2011-02-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-07). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ripley, Amanda. The story of Barack Obama's mother. time.com. 2008-04-09 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-12). 
  5. ^ Solomon, Deborah. Questions for Maya Soetoro-Ng: All in the family. The New York Times Magazine. 2008-01-20: 17 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-12). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Obama (1995, 2004), p. 43: He was working for the army as a geologist [sic], surveying roads and tunnels, when she arrived. It was mind-numbing work that didn't pay very much …
  7. ^ Scott, Janny. A free-spirited wanderer who set Obama's path. The New York Times. 2008-03-14: A1 [2011-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-12). he was summoned home in 1966 … 
  8. ^ Maraniss, David. Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible. washingtonpost.com. 2008-08-22 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-01). Lolo was off working for Union Oil … He had been summoned back to his country from Hawaii in 1966 and sent to work in New Guinea for a year … 
    Kenyan student wins fellowship. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 1962-06-20: 7. 
    Griffin, John. First UH African graduate gives view on E-W Center. The Honolulu Advertiser. 1962-06-22: B?. 
  9. ^ Hoover, Will. Obama slept here. The Honolulu Advertiser. 2008-11-08: A1 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-02). 
    Dingeman, Robbie. Obama childhood locales attracting more tourists. The Honolulu Advertiser. 2008-12-03: A1 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-12). 
  10. ^ Essoyan, Susan. A woman of the people; a symposium recalls the efforts of Stanley Ann Dunham to aid the poor. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 2008-09-13 [2011-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-06). Dunham earned her bachelor's, master's and Ph.D. in anthropology at the University of Hawaii. 
    Dewey, Alice; White, Geoffrey. Ann Dunham: a personal reflection. Anthropology News. November 2008, 49 (8): 20. doi:10.1111/an.2008.49.8.20.  reprinted by:
    Dewey, Alice; White, Geoffrey. Ann Dunham: a personal reflection. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Department of Anthropology. 2009-03-09 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于10 June 2010). 
    Dunham (2009), p. 376: "S. Ann Dunham (1942–95), mother of President Barack Obama and Maya Soetoro-ng, earned her undergraduate, master's and doctoral degrees, all in anthropology, from the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa."
  11. ^ Sheridan, Michael; Baxter, Sarah. Secrets of Obama family unlocked. The Sunday Times (London). 2007-01-28: 25 [2009-08-27]. Soetoro became a government relations consultant with a big US oil company.  reprinted Archive.is存档,存档日期29 January 2013 on 2007-02-01 by The Muslim Observer
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Fornek, Scott; Good, Greg. The Obama family tree (PDF). Chicago Sun-Times. 2007-09-09: 2B [2008-06-21]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-06-25). 
  13. ^ Jones, Bart; Lefkowitz, Melanie; Henderson, Nia-Malika; Evans, Martin C. Timeline: Obama through the years. Newsday (Melville, N.Y.). 2008-11-08 [2008-11-09]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-20). 
  14. ^ Obama (1998, 2004), pp. 44–47.
    Maraniss (2012), pp. 242–243.
  15. ^ Habib, Ridlwan. Keluarga besar Lolo Soetoro, kerabat dekat calon Presiden Amerika di Jakarta (Lolo Soetoro's extended family in Jakarta, close relatives to American Presidential nominee). 爪哇邮报英语Jawa Pos (Surabya). 2008-11-06 [2008-11-10]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-24) (印度尼西亚语). Google Translate's English translation页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  16. ^ Fornek, Scott. Lolo Soetoro; 'A piece of tiger meat'. Chicago Sun-Times. 2007-09-09 [2008-06-17]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-16).