洛洛·索托罗
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洛洛·索托罗·曼古哈乔(英语:Lolo Soetoro Mangunharjo,1935年1月2日—1987年3月2日),是一位印尼的地质学家、工程师、商人,为美国第44任总统巴拉克·奥巴马的印尼藉父亲。
洛洛·索托罗 Lolo Soetoro | |
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出生 | 洛洛·索托罗·曼古哈乔 (Lolo Soetoro Mangunharjo) 1935年1月2日 ![]() |
逝世 | 1987年3月2日![]() | (52岁)
国籍 | ![]() |
教育程度 | 夏威夷大学马诺阿分校 加查马达大学 |
职业 | 地质学家、工程师、商人 |
配偶 | 安·邓纳姆(1965年结婚;1980年离婚) 厄尔纳·库斯蒂娜(Erna Kustina,1980年结婚;1987年结束) |
儿女 | 巴拉克·奥巴马(母:安·邓纳姆) 吴玛雅(母:安·邓纳姆) 优素福·阿吉·索托罗(Yusuf Aji Soetoro,母:厄尔纳·库斯蒂娜) 拉哈尤·努尔迈达·索托罗(Rahayu Nurmaida Soetoro;母:厄尔纳·库斯蒂娜) |
父母 | 马蒂哈乔·索托罗(Martodihardjo Soetoro,父) |
亲属 | Suhaila Ng(孙女) Savita Ng(孙女) |
生平
早年生活和学经历
索托罗生于万隆,他在家中排行第九,父亲是采矿受雇员,并且拥有加查马达大学的地理学学位。[1]
1962年,当时受雇于陆军地形服务的索托罗获得了美国东西方中心的助学金,并且利用该学金进入夏威夷大学马诺阿分校的地理研究生就读。[2]同年9月抵达美国夏威夷州檀香山,并于1964年获得地理硕士学位。[3]
与邓纳姆的婚姻生活和其他经历
索托罗在美国东西方中心相遇了安·邓纳姆,当时两人都是夏威夷大学马诺阿分校的研究生,因此两人相识相恋,并于1965年结婚。[4][5]
1966年,索托罗返回印尼,并帮助当地政府绘制西巴布亚的地图。而邓纳姆和儿子奥巴马当时则选择继续留在檀香山。[6][7][8]
1967年,索托罗定居于印尼的首都雅加达,妻子邓纳姆和儿子奥巴马也随之迁至该地点居住了下来,最初是在南雅加达Menteng Dalam村的简陋灰泥红砖房里住了两年半,并且索特罗也拥有了一辆日本机车[6],奥巴马当时也在当地的门腾国立小学01读了一年半。[9][10]
1970年,索托罗找到了一个新的工作,在联合石油公司担任政府关系[11],之后便搬到了北两英里的一栋租房,将原本经常抛锚的日本机车出售并买了一台新车。
1970年,索托罗的女儿玛雅·卡桑德拉·苏埃托罗出生,取名为玛雅,同时也是奥巴马的同母异父的妹妹。[12][13]
1971年,奥巴马在印尼住了四年后,独自一人回到美国夏威夷州。1972年,母亲邓纳姆随之带着妹妹离开印尼返回夏威夷州,并于1974年获得夏威夷大学马诺阿分校研究生的人类学硕士,一年后带着妹妹再次返回印尼,奥巴马则继续留在美国与祖父和祖母同居。
由于邓纳姆逐渐对印尼文化引起关注,而索托罗则相反对西方文化引起关注[4],而因这点不同的价值观而发生冲突[14],最终于1980年离婚。[4]
索托罗后来与第二任妻子厄尔纳·库斯蒂娜(Erna Kustina)结婚,婚后育有一子一女。[15]
逝世
参考文献
- ^ Habib, Ridlawn. Kalau ke Jogja, Barry bisa habiskan seekor ayam baceman [If traveling to Yogyakrta, Barry can eat one whole chicken]. 爪哇邮报 (Surabya). 2008-11-05 [2008-11-10]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-13) (印度尼西亚语). Google Translate's English translation (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Lolo studied geography at Gadjah Mada University and got a scholarship from the Indonesian Army Topographic Service. After working for the Indonesian Army Topographic Service, he worked for an American oil company, Unocal [Union Oil Company].
- ^ For the record: President Obama's East-West Center connections (PDF). East-West Center Press Kit. Honolulu: East-West Center. 2009-09-11 [2011-02-06]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-15).
Obama's stepfather, Lolo Soetoro, was an East–West Center graduate degree fellow (M.A. in geography) from 1962–64, before he married Obama's mother.
- ^ Wester, Lyndon. History of the Department. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Department of Geography. 2010-10-13 [2011-02-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-07).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ripley, Amanda. The story of Barack Obama's mother. time.com. 2008-04-09 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-12).
- ^ Solomon, Deborah. Questions for Maya Soetoro-Ng: All in the family. The New York Times Magazine. 2008-01-20: 17 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-12).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Obama (1995, 2004), p. 43: He was working for the army as a geologist [sic], surveying roads and tunnels, when she arrived. It was mind-numbing work that didn't pay very much …
- ^ Scott, Janny. A free-spirited wanderer who set Obama's path. The New York Times. 2008-03-14: A1 [2011-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-12).
he was summoned home in 1966 …
- ^ Maraniss, David. Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible. washingtonpost.com. 2008-08-22 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-01).
Lolo was off working for Union Oil … He had been summoned back to his country from Hawaii in 1966 and sent to work in New Guinea for a year …
Kenyan student wins fellowship. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 1962-06-20: 7.
Griffin, John. First UH African graduate gives view on E-W Center. The Honolulu Advertiser. 1962-06-22: B?. - ^ Hoover, Will. Obama slept here. The Honolulu Advertiser. 2008-11-08: A1 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-02).
Dingeman, Robbie. Obama childhood locales attracting more tourists. The Honolulu Advertiser. 2008-12-03: A1 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-12). - ^ Essoyan, Susan. A woman of the people; a symposium recalls the efforts of Stanley Ann Dunham to aid the poor. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 2008-09-13 [2011-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-06).
Dunham earned her bachelor's, master's and Ph.D. in anthropology at the University of Hawaii.
Dewey, Alice; White, Geoffrey. Ann Dunham: a personal reflection. Anthropology News. November 2008, 49 (8): 20. doi:10.1111/an.2008.49.8.20. reprinted by:
Dewey, Alice; White, Geoffrey. Ann Dunham: a personal reflection. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Department of Anthropology. 2009-03-09 [2011-01-13]. (原始内容存档于10 June 2010).
Dunham (2009), p. 376: "S. Ann Dunham (1942–95), mother of President Barack Obama and Maya Soetoro-ng, earned her undergraduate, master's and doctoral degrees, all in anthropology, from the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa." - ^ Sheridan, Michael; Baxter, Sarah. Secrets of Obama family unlocked. The Sunday Times (London). 2007-01-28: 25 [2009-08-27].
Soetoro became a government relations consultant with a big US oil company.
reprinted Archive.is的存档,存档日期29 January 2013 on 2007-02-01 by The Muslim Observer - ^ 12.0 12.1 Fornek, Scott; Good, Greg. The Obama family tree (PDF). Chicago Sun-Times. 2007-09-09: 2B [2008-06-21]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-06-25).
- ^ Jones, Bart; Lefkowitz, Melanie; Henderson, Nia-Malika; Evans, Martin C. Timeline: Obama through the years. Newsday (Melville, N.Y.). 2008-11-08 [2008-11-09]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-20).
- ^ Obama (1998, 2004), pp. 44–47.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 242–243. - ^ Habib, Ridlwan. Keluarga besar Lolo Soetoro, kerabat dekat calon Presiden Amerika di Jakarta (Lolo Soetoro's extended family in Jakarta, close relatives to American Presidential nominee). 爪哇邮报 (Surabya). 2008-11-06 [2008-11-10]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-24) (印度尼西亚语).Google Translate's English translation (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Fornek, Scott. Lolo Soetoro; 'A piece of tiger meat'. Chicago Sun-Times. 2007-09-09 [2008-06-17]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-16).