僧伽羅闍巴利語Sangha-raja高棉語សង្ឃរាជ sanghreach泰語พระสังฆราช Sangkharat),意譯為僧王上座部佛教名詞,是泰國柬埔寨等東南亞國家巴利語系佛教的最高領袖的名稱,名義上是全國僧侶的統領[1]

1902年緬甸僧王選舉在曼德勒善法亭(Thudhamma Zayat)舉行

詞源

巴利語中的Sangha-raja僧伽巴利語Sangha梵語Saṃgha)和王者(巴利語、梵語:rāja)的合成詞。

概論

僧王音譯「增加拉者」,是泰國柬埔寨對佛教最高領袖的稱呼。在緬甸,則稱僧王為「薩沙那邦」(緬甸語သာသနာပိုင်Thathanabaing,意為「佛法看守人」)或摩訶僧伽拉者緬甸語မဟာသံဃာရာဇာ Mahasangharaja,義爲「大僧王」)[2],1938年被英國殖民當局廢黜。

僧王在泰國享有崇高地位,與國王及政府平起平坐。

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, พจนานุกรม ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน พ.ศ. 2542, กรุงเทพฯ : นานมีบุ๊คส์พับลิเคชั่นส์, 2546, หน้า 1160
  2. ^ Twomey, D.H.R. The Thathanabaing, Head of the Buddhist Monks of Burma. The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review (Oriental Institute). January 1904, XVII (33/34): 326–335. 

書目

  • Bennett, Charles Henry Allan. The Thathanabaing. Buddhism: A Quarterly Illustrated Review (Rangoon: International Buddhist Society). November 1904, 1 (4): 177–208. 
  • Aung San Suu Kyi. Freedom from Fear. Penguin. 2010. ISBN 978-1-101-56400-4. 
  • Chandara, Lor. Buddhist Head Becomes Great Supreme Patriarch. The Cambodia Daily. 25 May 2006 [7 November 2013]. (原始內容存檔於2019-05-13). 
  • Ghosh, Parimal. Brave Men of the Hills. University of Hawaii Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8248-2207-1. 
  • Harris, Ian, Sangha Groupings in Cambodia, Buddhist Studies Review (UK Association for Buddhist Studies), August 2001, 18 (I): 65–72 
  • Harris, Ian, Buddhism and Politics in Twentieth-century Asia, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 0-8264-5178-0 
  • James, Helen. Governance and Civil Society in Myanmar. Psychology Press. 2005: 81–84. 
  • Long, Edward E. Order of the Yellow Robe. Broad views (Gay & Bird). January 1906, 5 (25). 
  • Scott, J. George. Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states (PDF) 2. Superintendent, Government Printing. 1900 [2017-07-09]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-12-08). 
  • Twomey, D.H.R. The Thathanabaing, Head of the Buddhist Monks of Burma. The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review (Oriental Institute). January 1904, XVII (33/34): 326–335.