維基百科

日本史前哺乳動物列表

维基媒体列表条目

本列表列出了從日本列島的化石記錄中發現的史前哺乳動物。關於該地區現存的哺乳動物，請參閱日本哺乳動物列表（包括國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄[1]上最近滅絕的物種以及環境省紅色名錄[2]上的國內對應物種）。本列表也列出了歷史上已經滅絕的物種以及局部滅絕且不再構成日本動物群一部分但從化石或亞化石記錄中已知的現存物種。

中生代

目 演化支 科 屬 種 地質層位 圖片 年代
枝獸類 †"對齒獸目（英語：Symmetrodonta）" †鼴獸科（英語：Spalacotheriidae） †對掠獸屬（英語：Symmetrolestes） Symmetrolestes †小對掠獸 S. parvus
Tsubamoto & Rougier, 2004[3]		 北谷組（英語：Kitadani Formation）   白堊紀早期
獸形亞綱（英語：Theriimorpha） †真三尖齒獸目 †雙型齒獸科（英語：Amphidontidae） †白山齒獸屬（英語：Hakusanodon） Hakusanodon †古白山齒獸 H. archaeus
Rougier et al., 2007[4]		 桑島組（英語：Kuwajima Formation）
†異獸亞綱 †多瘤齒獸目 †始俊獸科（英語：Eobaataridae） †白山俊獸屬 Hakusanobaatar †松尾白山俊獸 H. matsuoi
Kusuhashi, 2008[5]		  
†手取俊獸屬 Tedoribaatar †雷氏手取俊獸 T. reini
Kusuhashi, 2008[5]
真獸下綱 †亞洲掘蝟目（英語：Asioryctitheria） †筱山臼齒獸屬（日語：ササヤマミロス） Sasayamamylos †河合篠山臼齒獸 S. kawaii
Kusuhashi & Saegusa, 2013[6]		 筱山群（英語：Sasayama Group）
†Zhelestidae（英語：Zhelestidae） †Sorlestes（英語：Sorlestes） †S. mifunensis
Setoguchi et al., 1999[7]		 御船層群（英語：Mifune Group） 白堊紀晚期

新生代

目 演化支 科 屬 種 異名 圖片 年代
†白堊掠獸目 †全齒亞目 †冠齒獸科 †冠齒獸科未定種 Coryphodontidae sp.[8] 始新世早期–始新世晚期
†亞洲冠齒獸屬 Asiocoryphodon †亞洲冠齒獸未定種 Asiocoryphodon sp.[8]  
†裂齒目（英語：Tillodontia） †鑿齒獸科（英語：Esthonychidae） †Trogosus（英語：Trogosus） †Trogosus cf. T. latidens[8]
†Higotherium（英語：Higotherium） †H. hypsodon
Miyata & Tomida, 1998[9]		 始新世中期
長鼻目 †嵌齒象總科（英語：Gomphotherioidea） †嵌齒象科 †嵌齒象屬Gomphotherium †連接嵌齒象G. annectens 連接半乳齒象 Hemimastodon annectens
Matsumoto, 1924[10]		   中新世早期
Bunolophodon yokotii
Makiyama, 1938[11]
†中華乳齒象屬（英語：Sinomastodon）Sinomastodon †仙台中華乳齒象S. sendaicus[12] 仙台三稜齒象Trilophodon sendaicus
Matsumoto, 1924[10] 		上新世早期
象總科 †劍齒象科 †脊稜齒象屬 Stegolophodon †偽闊齒脊稜齒象 S. pseudolatidens[13] 偽闊齒始劍齒象 Eostegodon pseudolatidens
Yabe, 1950[14]		   中新世
津田氏脊稜齒象 Stegolophodon tsudai
Shikama & Kirii, 1956[15]
Stegolophodon miyokoae
Hatai, 1959[16]
†劍齒象屬 Stegodon †三重劍齒象（日語：ミエゾウ） S. miensis Stegodon clifti miensis
Matsumoto, 1941[17]		   上新世
信州脊稜齒象 Stegolophodon shinshuensis
Fossil Elephant Research Group, 1979[18]
Stegodon bombifrons
Itsukaichi Stegodon Research Group, 1980[19]
類象劍齒象相似種 Stegodon cf. elephantoides[20]
†原曙光劍齒象 S. protoaurora
Aiba, Baba & Matsukawa, 2010[21]		 上新世晚期–更新世早期
†曙光劍齒象 S. aurorae[20] 曙光象 Elephas aurorae
Matsumoto, 1918[22]		   更新世早期
關東副劍齒象 Parastegodon? kwantoensis
Tokunaga, 1934[23]
杉山氏副劍齒象 Parastegodon sugiyamai
Tokunaga, 1935[24]
明石副劍齒象 Parastegodon akashiensis
Takai, 1936[25]
罕見副劍齒象 Parastegodon infrequens
Shikama, 1937[26]
Stegodon shodoensis (partim)[20]
†東方劍齒象（日語：トウヨウゾウ） S. orientalis[20][27] Stegodon orientalis shodoensis
Matsumoto, 1924[28]		   更新世中期
象科 †古菱齒象屬 Palaeoloxodon †諾氏古菱齒象 P. naumanni[11][29]:86 諾氏納瑪象 Elephas namadicus naumanni
Makiyama, 1924[30]		   更新世中期-更新世晚期
德永氏古棱齒象 Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) tokunagai
Matsumoto, 1924[31]
布氏印度象 Elephas indicus buski
Matsumoto, 1927[32]
矢部納瑪象 Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) namadica yabei
Matsumoto, 1929[33]
橫濱古菱齒象 Palaeoloxodon yokohamanus
Tokunaga, 1934[34]
世岡氏古菱齒象 Palaeoloxodon aomoriensis
Tokunaga & Takai, 1936[35]
瀨戶納瑪象 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus setoensis
Makiyama, 1929[36]
†猛獁象屬 Mammuthus †草原猛獁 M. trogontherii[37]:347[38] 原猛獁真象 Euelephas protomammonteus
Matsumoto, 1924[39]		     更新世早期
Parelephas protomammonteus proximus
Matsumoto, 1926[40]
模式原猛獁副象 Parelephas protomammonteus typicus
Matsumoto, 1926[40]
松本真猛獁象 Elephas primigenius matsumotoi
Dietrich, 1927[41]
Parelephas proximus uehataensis
Shikama, 1937[42]
四賀副猛獁原齒象 Archidiskodon paramammonteus shigensis
Matsumoto & Ozaki, 1959[43]
†真猛獁象 M. primigenius[44]   更新世晚期
海牛目 儒艮科 †杜氏海牛屬 Dusisiren †D. dewana
Takahashi, Domning & Saito, 1986[45]		 中新世晚期
†高郷杜氏海牛 D. takasatensis
Kobayashi, Horikawa & Miyazaki, 1995[46]
†無齒海牛屬 Hydrodamalis †瀧川海牛 H. spissa
Furusawa, 1988[47]		 上新世晚期
兔形目 鼠兔科 †跳鼠兔屬（西班牙語：Alloptox） Alloptox †日本跳鼠兔 A. japonicus
Tomida, 2012[48]		   中新世早期
囓齒目 豪豬亞目 梳齒鼠總科（英語：Ctenodactyloidea）未定種 Ctenodactyloidea sp.[8] 始新世早期-始新世中期
硅藻鼠科 †硅藻鼠屬（英語：Diatomys） Diatomys †山東硅藻鼠 D. shantungensis[49][50]   中新世早期
河狸亞目 河狸科 †窄顱河狸屬（英語：Steneofiber） Steneofiber †窄顱河狸未定種 Steneofiber sp.[49]   漸新世晚期
†楊氏河狸屬（英語：Youngofiber）Youngofiber †中國楊氏河狸 Y. sinensis[51] 中國大河狸 Trogontherium sinensis
Young, 1955[52]		 中新世早期
†Minocastor（英語：Minocastor） †M. godai
Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff, 2016[53]
†Euroxenomys（英語：Euroxenomys） †E. nanus
Mörs & Tomida, 2018[54]
†始鼠總科（英語：Eomyoidea） †始鼠科 †Megapeomys †M. repenningi
Tomida, 2011[55]		 中新世早期
†日本始鼠屬 Japaneomys †安野氏日本始鼠 J. yasunoi
Kimura et al., 2019[56]
鼠形亞目 倉鼠科 田鼠屬 Microtus †M. epiratticepoides
Kawamura, 1988[57]		 更新世中期-更新世晚期
䶄屬 Clethrionomys †日本䶄 C. japonicus
Kawamura, 1988[57]		 更新世中期
倉鼠屬 Cricetulus 倉鼠未定種 Cricetulus sp.[58]
鼠科 白腹鼠屬 Niviventer 白腹鼠未定種 Niviventer sp.[59] 更新世晚期-全新世
大鼠屬 Rattus †宮古鼠 R. miyakoensis
Kawaguchi, Kaneko & Hasegawa, 2009[60]		 更新世晚期
靈長目 簡鼻亞目 猴科 †神奈川猴屬（英語：Kanagawapithecus） Kanagawapithecus †薄眶後神奈川猴 K. leptopostorbitalis Dolichopithecus (Kanagawapithecus) leptopostorbitalis
Iwamoto, Hasegawa & Koizumi, 2005[61]		 上新世
原猴亞目 †西瓦兔猴科 †西瓦兔猴科未定種 Sivaladapidae sp.[8] 始新世早期-始新世中期
真盲缺目 †近鼩鼱科（英語：Plesiosoricidae） †近鼩鼱屬（意大利語：Plesiosorex） Plesiosorex †P. fejfari
Oshima, Tomida & Orihara, 2017[62]		   中新世早期
鼩鼱科 †鹿間鼩鼱屬（英語：Shikamainosorex） Shikamainosorex †S. densicingulata
Hasegawa, 1957[63]		 更新世中期
短尾鼩屬 Anourosorex †日本短尾鼩 A. japonicus
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1958[64]		 更新世晚期
翼手目 陽翼手亞目 蝙蝠科 †更新鼠耳蝠屬（英語：Pleistomyotis） Pleistomyotis †P. longihumeralis[65][58] 更新世中期
鼠耳蝠屬 Myotis †岡藤鼠耳蝠 M. okafujii[58]
†別府鼠耳蝠 M. beppuensis[58]
†索齒獸目 †貝西摩斯獸屬（英語：Behemotops） Behemotops †B. katsuiei
Inuzuka, 2000[66]		   漸新世晚期
†索齒獸科（英語：Desmostylidae） †足寄獸屬（英語：Ashoroa） Ashoroa †A. laticosta
Inuzuka, 2000[66]		  
†索齒獸屬 Desmostylus †日本索齒獸 D. japonicus
Tokunaga & Iwasaki, 1914[67][68]		   Miocene
†古索齒獸科（英語：Paleoparadoxiidae） †古索齒獸屬（英語：Paleoparadoxia） Paleoparadoxia †P. tabatai Cornwallius tabatai
Tokunaga, 1939[69]		  
†P. media
Inuzuka, 2005[70]		  
偶蹄目 豬形亞目 豬科 豬科未定屬 Suidae indet.[50] Palaeochoerus japonicus
Takai, 1954[71]		 中新世早期
†豬獸屬（英語：Hyotherium） Hyotherium †山旺豬獸 H. shanwangense[72]   中新世中期
鯨凹齒形類 †豨科 †完齒豨屬 Entelodon †戈壁完齒豨 E. gobiensis[73]   始新世晚期
†雙錐齒獸總科（英語：Dichobunoidea）未定種 Dichobunoidea sp.[8] 始新世中期–始新世晚期
†石炭獸科 †Bothriogenys（英語：Bothriogenys） †Bothriogenys sp.[73] 始新世晚期
†溝齒獸屬 Bothriodon †三田溝齒獸 B. sandaensis
Tsubamoto et al., 2007[74]		   始新世中期–始新世晚期
†Elomeryx（英語：Elomeryx） †E. japonicus[75] Brachyodus japonicus
Matsumoto, 1925[76]		   漸新世中期
鯨下目 †信濃海豚屬（英語：Sinanodelphis） Sinanodelphis †泉田信濃海豚 S. izumidaensis
Makiyama, 1936[77]		 中新世
海豚科 †始海豚屬（英語：Eodelphinus） Eodelphinus †樺戶始海豚 E. kabatensis Stenella kabatensis
Horikawa, 1977[78]
†黎明豚屬 Norisdelphis †安中黎明豚 N. annakaensis
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2020[79]
偽虎鯨屬 Pseudorca †橫山偽虎鯨（英語：Pseudorca yokoyamai） P. yokoyamai
Matsumoto, 1926[80]		 上新世
虎鯨屬 Orcinus †古虎鯨（英語：Orcinus paleorca） O. paleorca Orca paleorca
Matsumoto, 1937[81]		   更新世早期
†肯氏海豚科 †肯氏海豚屬 Kentriodon †菅原肯氏海豚 K. sugawarai
Guo & Kohno, 2021[82]		   中新世早期–中新世中期
†穗別肯氏海豚 K. hobetsu
Ichishima, 1994[83]		 中新世中期
一角鯨科 †羽幌鯨屬（英語：Haborodelphis） Haborodelphis †日本羽幌鯨 H. japonicus
Ichishima et al., 2018[84]		 上新世早期
鼠海豚科 †中新鼠海豚屬 Miophocaena †西野中新鼠海豚 M. nishinoi
Murakami et al., 2012[85]		 中新世晚期
†原鼠海豚屬 Archaeophocaena †天鹽原鼠海豚 A. teshioensis
Murakami et al., 2012[85]
†翼鼠海豚屬 Pterophocaena †西野翼鼠海豚 P. nishinoi
Murakami et al., 2012[86]
†羽幌鼠海豚屬 Haborophocoena †豐島北海道鼠海豚 H. toyoshimai
Ichishima & Kimura, 2005[87]		 上新世早期
†微小北海道鼠海豚 H. minutus
Ichishima & Kimura, 2009[88]
†沼津鼠海豚屬 Numataphocoena †山下沼津鼠海豚 N. yamashitai
Ichishima & Kimura, 2000[89]
喙鯨科 貝喙鯨屬 Berardius †小林氏貝喙鯨 B. kobayashii
Kawatani & Kohno, 2021[90]		 中新世中期–中新世晚期
†異海豚科 †忍者海豚屬（英語：Ninjadelphis） Ninjadelphis †氏原忍者海豚 Ninjadelphis ujiharai
Kimura & Barnes, 2016[91]		 中新世早期
†安房海豚屬（英語：Awadelphis） Awadelphis †平山氏安房海豚 A. hirayamai
Murakami, 2016[92]		 中新世早期
†中新抹香鯨屬（英語：Miophyseter） Miophyseter †知多中新抹香鯨 M. chitaensis
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2022[93]		 中新世早期
†噬抹香鯨屬 Brygmophyseter †四賀噬抹香鯨 B. shigensis 四賀斯卡爾鯨 Scaldicetus shigensis
Hirota & Barnes, 1994[94]		   中新世中期
†始弓鯨科（英語：Eomysticetidae） †大和鯨屬（英語：Yamatocetus） Yamatocetus †有凹槽大和鯨 Y. canaliculatus
Okazaki, 2012[95]		 漸新世晚期
露脊鯨科 †獨特鯨屬（英語：Idiocetus） Idiocetus †津輕獨特鯨 I. tsugarensis
Matsumoto, 1926[80]		 中新世晚期
†古露脊鯨屬 Archaeobalaena †道產子古露脊鯨 A. dosanko
Tanaka, Furusawa & Kimura, 2020[96]		 上新世早期
†大樹鯨屬（英語：Taikicetus） Taikicetus †井上大樹鯨 T. inouei
Tanaka, Ando & Sawamura, 2018[97]		 中新世中期
†勇魚鯨屬（英語：Isanacetus） Isanacetus †寬頭勇魚鯨 Isanacetus laticephalus
Kimura & Ozawa, 2002[98]		 中新世早期
†蒂奧鯨屬（英語：Diorocetus） Diorocetus †秩父蒂奧鯨 D. chichibuensis
Yoshida, Kimura & Hasegawa, 2003[99]		 中新世
†莊原蒂奧鯨（日語：ショウバラクジラ） D. shobarensi
Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]		 中新世中期
†隔板鰮鯨屬（英語：Parietobalaena） Parietobalaena †山岡隔板鰮鯨 P. yamaokai
Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]
新鬚鯨科 †比婆鯨屬（英語：Hibacetus） Hibacetus †廣瀬比婆鯨 H. hirosei
Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]
†上毛鯨屬（英語：Joumocetus） Joumocetus †清水上毛鯨J. shimizui
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2010[101]		 中新世晚期
鬚鯨科 灰鯨屬 Eschrichtius †昭島鯨（英語：Akishima_whale） E. akishimaensis
Kimura, Hasegawa & Kohno, 2018[102]		 更新世早期
反芻亞目 鹿超科（英語：Cervoidea）未定屬 Cervoidea indet.[50] 美濃兩棲鼷鹿 Amphitragulus（英語：Amphitragulus） minoensis
Matsumoto, 1918[103]		 中新世早期
鹿科 †叉角鹿屬 Dicrocerus †德永氏叉角鹿 D. tokunagai
Matsumoto, 1927[104][105]
†祖父鹿屬 Cervavus †平林氏歐文祖父鹿 C. oweni hirabayashii
Tokunaga, 1926[106][105]		 中新世晚期
†後寬角鹿屬 Metaplatyceros †紅杉後寬角鹿 M. sequoiae
Shikama, 1941[107]		 上新世晚期
花鹿屬 Axis †日本花鹿 A. japonicus[108] 日本花鹿 Cervus (Axis) japonicus
Otsuka, 1967[109]		 更新世早期
九州花鹿 Axis kyushuensis[110]
麋鹿屬 Elaphurus †明石麋鹿 E. akashiensis 明石鹿 Cervus akasiensis
Shikama, 1941[107]		 上新世晚期
†鹿間雙叉麋鹿 E. bifurcatus shikamai[111] 鹿間麋鹿 Elaphurus shikamai
Otsuka, 1968[112]		 更新世早期
†多摩麋鹿 E. davidianus tamaensis[111] 多摩麋鹿 Elaphurus (Elaphurus) tamaensis
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1976[113]
† 梅氏四不像 E. davidianus menziesianus[111] Capreolus (Capreolina) mayai
Tokunaga & Takai, 1936[114]		 更新世中期–更新世晚期
Elaphurus mayai[115]
鹿屬 Cervus †加津佐鹿 C. (Nipponicervus) kazusensis[116][108] Cervus (Sika) kazusensis
Matsumoto, 1926[117]		 更新世
Cervus (Deperetia) trassaerti
Shikama, 1941[107]
Cervus (Deperetia) urbanus
Shikama, 1941[107]
日本古鹿 C. (Anoglochis) praenipponicus
Shikama, 1936[118]
直良氏鹿 Cervus (Deperetia) naorai
Shikama, 1936[119]
高野氏鹿 Cervus (Nipponicervus?) takaoi
Otsuka & Shikama, 1977[120]
島原鹿 Cervus (Deperetia) shimabarensis
Otsuka, 1967[109]
†琉球侏儒鹿 C. astylodon' 琉球侏儒麂 Muntiacus astylodon
Matsumoto, 1926[117]		  
琉球侏儒澤鹿 Cervus (Rucervus) riukiuensis
Matsumoto, 1926[117]
†加藤清正格氏鹿 C. greyi katokiyomasai[121][122] Cervus (Rucervus) katokiyomasai
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1965[123]
Cervus (Sika) natsumei
Matsumoto, 1938[124]
古蝦夷鹿 Cervus (Sika) paleoezoensis
Otsuka & Shikama, 1977[120]
†九州鹿 C. kyushuensis 九州水鹿 Cervus (Rusa) kyushuensis
Otsuka, 1966[125]		 更新世早期
†秋吉鹿 C. akiyoshiensis 秋吉日本鹿 Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis
Otsuka, 1977[126]		 更新世晚期
†中華大角鹿屬 Sinomegaceros †矢部中華大角鹿 S. yabei[120] 矢部鹿 Cervus (Sinomegaceros) yabei
Shikama, 1938[127]		   更新世
金流大角鹿 Megaceros kinryuensis
Matsumoto & Mori, 1956[128]
小河套大角鹿 Megaceros (Sinomegaceros) ordosianus minor
Kamei, 1958[129]
日本長頸鹿 Giraffa (Orasius?) nipponica
Matsumoto, 1926[117][130]
狍屬 Capreolus †德永氏狍 C. tokunagai
Otuka, 1941[131]		 宮古狍 Capreolus miyakoensis
Hasegawa, Otsuka & Nohara, 1973[132]		 更新世–全新世
牛科 水牛屬 Bubalus 水牛屬未定種 Bubalus sp.[58] 更新世中期
野牛屬 Bison †花泉野牛（日語：ハナイズミモリウシ） B. hanaizumiensis 花泉細野牛 Leptobison hanaizumiensis
Matsumoto & Mori, 1956[128]		   更新世晚期
†西伯利亞野牛 B. priscus[58]  
長鬃山羊屬 Capricornis †C. (?) nikitini[116] Naemorhedus nikitini
Shikama, 1949[133]		 更新世
奇蹄目 †豕齒獸科（英語：Hyopsodontidae） †豬齒獸屬 Hyopsodus †豬齒獸未定種 Hyopsodus sp.[8]   始新世早期-始新世中期
馬形亞目（英語：Hippomorpha） †雷獸科 †雷獸科未定種 Brontotheriidae sp.[8]
馬科 †安琪馬屬（英語：Anchitherium） Anchitherium †戈壁安琪馬近緣種Anchitherium aff. A. gobiense[134] 下偽馬安琪馬 Anchitherium hypohippoides
Matsumoto, 1921[135]		 中新世早期
†爪獸亞目 †等外脊貘科 †等外脊貘屬（英語：Isectolophus） Isectolophus †等外脊貘未定種 Isectolophus sp.[8] 始新世早期-始新世中期
†爪獸科 †裂爪獸亞科未定種 Schizotheriinae sp.[136] 中新世早期
貘總科（英語：Tapiroidea） †沼貘科 †Plesiocolopirus（英語：Plesiocolopirus） †谷氏貘 P. grangeri[8] Desmatotherium（英語：Desmatotherium） grangeri
Tokunaga, 1933[137]		 始新世中期
†釧路貘（日語：クシロムカシバク） P. kushiroensis Colodon（英語：Colodon） kushiroensis
Tomida, 1983[138]		 始新世中期–漸新世早期
貘科 †近貘屬（英語：Plesiotapirus） Plesiotapirus †八木氏近貘 P. yagii 八木氏古貘 Palaeotapirus（英語：Palaeotapirus） yagii
Matsumoto, 1921[135]		   中新世早期
犀總科 †貘犀科 †貘犀屬 Hyrachyus 貘犀屬未定種相似種 cf. †Hyrachyus sp.[74] 始新世早期–始新世中期
†兩棲犀科（英語：Amynodontidae） †宰桑兩棲犀屬（英語：Zaisanamynodon） Zaisanamynodon †Zaisanamynodon cf. Z. protheroi[8] 始新世中期-始新世晚期
cf. †Z. borisovi[8] 始新世晚期
†兩棲犀屬（英語：Amynodon） Amynodon †渡邊氏兩棲犀 A. watanabei[8] †渡邊氏兩棲犀？ Amynodon (?) watanabei
Tokunaga, 1926[139]		 始新世中期-始新世晚期
犀科 †矮腳犀屬 Brachypotherium †戰士矮腳犀 B. pugnator[136] 戰士遠角犀 Teleoceras (Brachypotherium) pugnator
Matsumoto, 1921[135]		   中新世早期
戰士大唇犀 Chilotherium pugnator
可兒遠角犀 Teleoceras (?) kaniensis
Tokunaga, 1926[139]
東京遠角犀 Teleoceras (?) tokiensis
Tokunaga, 1926[139]
†近無角犀屬（英語：Plesiaceratherium） Plesiaceratherium †近無角犀未定種 Plesiaceratherium sp.[50]
†斯迪凡犀屬 Stephanorhinus †基什貝爾格犀 S. kirchbergensis[140] 日本犀 Dicerorhinus nipponicus
Shikama, 1967[141]		   更新世中期
新土居犀 Rhinoceros shindoi
Tokunaga, 1931[142]
食肉目 †細齒獸科 †細齒獸科未定種 Miacidae sp.[8] 始新世早期–始新世中期
貓型亞目 貓科 豹屬 Panthera †楊氏虎 P. youngi[143] Felis youngi 更新世中期
貓屬 Felis †小野貓 F. microtus[144] 更新世
†犬熊總科 †犬熊科 †伊森格林狼屬（英語：Ysengrinia） Ysengrinia †伊森格林狼未定種 Ysengrinia sp.[145]   中新世中期
犬總科（英語：Canoidea） 犬科 犬屬 Canis †法氏犬 C. falconeri[146] 更新世早期
豺屬Cuon 豺屬未定種 Cuon sp.[147] 更新世中期
貉屬 Nyctereutes †日本日本貉（日語：ホンドタヌキ） N. viverrinus nipponicus
Shikama, 1949[133]		 更新世早期
鼬總科 小熊貓科 †副小貓熊屬（英語：Parailurus） Parailurus †副小貓熊屬未定種 Parailurus sp.[148] 上新世早期–上新世中期
鼬科 狗獾屬 Meles †古日本獾 M. mukasianakuma
Shikama, 1949[133][58]		 更新世中期
†葛生獾 M. leucurus kuzuuensis
Shikama, 1949[133][58]
貂屬 Martes †貂貂 M. ten
Shikama, 1949[133]		 更新世
†海獺貂屬（英語：Enhydrictis） Enhydrictis †日本海獺貂 E. (Oriensictis) nipponica 日本水獺 Lutra nipponica
Naora, 1968[149]		 更新世中期
日本東方鼬 Oriensictis nipponica[150]
鼬屬 Mustela †M. constricta[58][144]
†葛生鼬 M. kuzuuensis[58] Putorius kuzuuensis
Shikama, 1949[133]		 更新世晚期
鰭足類[151] †海虎科（英語：Desmatophocidae） †異海虎屬 Allodesmus[152] †浦幌異海虎 A. uraiporensis
Tonomori et al., 2018[152]		   中新世中期
†直良氏異海虎 A. naorai
Kohno, 1996[153]
†信濃異海虎 A. sinanoensis[153] 信濃北海獅 Eumetopias sinanoensis
Nagao, 1941[154]		  
信濃巨釘獸 Megagomphos sinanoensis[155]
Allodesmus megallos
Hirota, 1995[155]
佐渡異海虎 Allodesmus sadoensis
Hirota, 1995[155]
†異海虎屬未定種 Allodesmus sp.[156]  
海獅科 †溟海獅屬 Thalassoleon †井上氏溟海獅 T. inouei
Kohno, 1992[157]		   上新世
†東海獅屬 Oriensarctos †渡瀨氏東海獅 O. watasei
Matsumoto, 1925		 渡瀨氏北海獅 Eumetopias watasei
Matsumoto, 1925[158]		 更新世早期
北海狗屬 Callorhinus †吉氏北海狗 C. gilmorei[159]   上新世
海獅科未定種 Otariidae sp. 小千谷北海獅 Eumetopias ojiyaensis
Horikawa, 1981[160]		 更新世晚期
海象科 †原獅海象屬 Prototaria †扁頭原獅海象 P. planicephala
Kohno, 1994[161]		   中新世中期
†始祖原獅海象 P. primigena
Takeyama & Ozawa, 1984[162]		  
†偽獅海象屬 Pseudotaria †村本氏偽獅海象 P. muramotoi
Kohno, 2006[163]		 中新世
†古海象屬 Archaeodobenus †赤松氏古海象 A. akamatsui
Tanaka & Kohno, 2015[164]		   中新世晚期
†原海象屬 Protodobenus †日本原海象 Protodobenus japonicus
Horikawa, 1995[165]		   上新世早期
海象屬 Odobenus †萬田野海象 Odobenus mandanoensis
Tomida, 1989[166]		 更新世中期

歷史滅絕或區域滅絕

目 演化支 科 屬 種 圖片 年代
海牛目 儒艮科 †無齒海牛屬 Hydrodamalis †大海牛 H. gigas[46]   早更新世-中更新世
囓齒目 鼠形亞目 倉鼠科 田鼠屬 Microtus 根田鼠 M. oeconomus[58]   晚更新世
東方田鼠 M. fortis[58]  
黑足旅鼠屬 Myopus 黑足旅鼠 M. schisticolor[58]   中更新世
偶蹄目 反芻亞目 鹿科 鹿屬 Cervus 水鹿 C. unicolor[167]   上新世
駝鹿屬 Alces 駝鹿 A. alces[168]   晚更新世
麝科 麝屬 Moschus 原麝 M. moschiferus[133]   更新世
牛科 牛屬 Bos †原牛 B. primigenius[58]   晚更新世
食肉目 貓型亞目 貓科 豹屬 Panthera 豹 P. pardus[144]   更新世
虎 Panthera tigris[144][116]  
猞猁屬 Lynx 歐亞猞猁 L. lynx[144][169]   晚更新世-全新世

化石物種與現存或最近滅絕的物種同義詞

目 演化支 科 屬 種 異名 圖片 年代
偶蹄目 豬形亞目 豬科 豬屬 Sus 野豬 S. scrofa[170] 日本豬 Sus nipponicus
Matsumoto, 1915[171]		   中更新世-晚更新世
李氏野豬相似種 Sus cf. lydekkeri[133]
奇蹄目 馬形亞目 馬科 馬屬 Equus 馬 E. caballus[172] 日本馬 Equus nipponicus
Shikama & Onuki, 1962[173]		   晚更新世–全新世
食肉目 熊型下目 熊科 熊屬 Ursus 棕熊 U. arctos[174] 田中氏熊 Ursus tanakai
Shikama, 1949[133]		   更新世
鰭足類 海獅科 加州海獅屬 Zalophus 加州海獅 Z. californianus[175]:72 岸田氏北海獅 Eumetopias (?) kishidai
Shikama, 1953[176]		  
†日本海獅 Z. japonicus[175]:72 渡瀨海獅 Zalophus kimitsensis
Matsumoto, 1939[177]		   早更新世

另見

 
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：日本史前哺乳動物列表

參考文獻

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