CD44

CD44
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	1POZ、1UUH、2I83、4PZ3、4PZ4
識別號
別名	CD44；, CDW44, CSPG8, ECMR-III, HCELL, HUTCH-I, IN, LHR, MC56, MDU2, MDU3, MIC4, Pgp1, CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
外部ID	OMIM：107269 MGI：88338 HomoloGene：508 GeneCards：CD44
基因位置（人類）
染色體	11號染色體
終止	35,232,402 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色體	小鼠2號染色體
終止	102,732,010 bp
RNA表達模式
	; ; ; ;
	查閱更多表達數據
基因本體
分子功能	• collagen binding; • 血漿蛋白結合; • hyaluronic acid binding; • cytokine receptor activity; • transmembrane signaling receptor activity;
細胞組分	• integral component of membrane; • 高爾基體; • macrophage migration inhibitory factor receptor complex; • 膜; • 粘着斑; • 細胞膜; • integral component of plasma membrane; • cell surface; • 外排體; • 細胞質基質; • secretory granule membrane; • apical plasma membrane; • lamellipodium membrane; • cell projection; • 微絨毛; • basolateral plasma membrane;
生物學過程	• negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • monocyte aggregation; • positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion; • hyaluronan catabolic process; • negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator; • interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway; • extracellular matrix disassembly; • extracellular matrix organization; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus; • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; • 軟骨生成; • 細胞粘附; • negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • cell-matrix adhesion; • positive regulation of monocyte aggregation; • leukocyte migration; • neutrophil degranulation; • wound healing, spreading of cells; • regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis; • cell-cell adhesion; • inflammatory response; • 細胞遷移; • T細胞活化; • positive regulation of kinase activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	960
	12505
	ENSG00000026508
	ENSMUSG00000005087
	P16070
	P15379
NM_000610; NM_001001389; NM_001001390; NM_001001391; NM_001001392;
	NM_001202555; NM_001202556; NM_001202557
NM_001039150; NM_001039151; NM_001177785; NM_001177786; NM_001177787;
	NM_009851
NP_000601; NP_001001389; NP_001001390; NP_001001391; NP_001001392;
	NP_001189484; NP_001189485; NP_001189486
NP_001034239; NP_001034240; NP_001171256; NP_001171257; NP_001171258;
	NP_033981
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

CD44，在人體內是一種由11號染色體上的CD44基因編碼的細胞表面黏附分子，化學本質是糖蛋白，屬於一類分化簇（CD）^[5]^[6]。CD44是一種常用的幹細胞表面標記物，同時在人體內也參與淋巴細胞活化、循環，以及歸巢、惡性腫瘤的發生及轉移等過程^[7]^[6]。

遺傳學與分子生物學

CD44的基因位於人11號染色體上，具有可變剪接現象。已有研究證明，不同轉錄本轉譯的CD44具有不同的功能，分子量從85到200kD不等，其中最經典的標準CD44分子（sCD44）是從造血細胞中分離出來的，分子量約爲85-90kD，由外顯子1-5和16-20組合而成。CD44分子在人體內廣泛分佈，並參與許多生物學過程，比如淋巴細胞的活化、再循環（recirculation），以及歸巢（homing）、造血過程、惡性腫瘤的發生與轉移等^[8]^[6]^[9]。

CD44蛋白由一條肽鏈組成，膜外結構域位於肽鏈一端，一個膜側翼區與之相連，另有一個穿膜結構域和一個位於細胞膜靠細胞質一側的尾部^[10]。

應用

在生物學和醫學研究中，CD44可用作幹細胞標記物，用於幹細胞的鑑定^[7]。許多惡性腫瘤細胞中CD44的表達上調，比如卵巢癌^[11]。另外，CD44可能和惡性腫瘤的發生和轉移有關，在相關過程中發揮一定的作用，比如已有證據表明CD44與頭頸鱗狀細胞癌的發展有關^[6]。

CD44蛋白決定了人類的印度血型（英語：Indian blood group system）（In）^[12]。

參見

分化群

參考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000026508 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005087 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Spring FA, Dalchau R, Daniels GL, Mallinson G, Judson PA, Parsons SF, Fabre JW, Anstee DJ. The Ina and Inb blood group antigens are located on a glycoprotein of 80,000 MW (the CDw44 glycoprotein) whose expression is influenced by the In(Lu) gene. Immunology. May 1988, 64 (1): 37–43. PMC 1385183  . PMID 2454887.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 CD44. GeneCards. [2018-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-09）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Morath, I.; Hartmann, T.N.; Orian-Rousseau, V. CD44: More than a mere stem cell marker. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2016, 81: 166–173. ISSN 1357-2725. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.009.
^ CD44. NCBI. [2018-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-20）.
^ Senbanjo, Linda T.; Chellaiah, Meenakshi A. CD44: A Multifunctional Cell Surface Adhesion Receptor Is a Regulator of Progression and Metastasis of Cancer Cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2017, 5. ISSN 2296-634X. doi:10.3389/fcell.2017.00018.
^ Naor, David; Sionov, Ronit Vogt; Ish-Shalom, Dvorah. CD44: Structure, Function and Association with the Malignant Process 71: 241–319. 1997. ISSN 0065-230X. doi:10.1016/S0065-230X(08)60101-3.
^ Sillanpää S, Anttila MA, Voutilainen K, Tammi RH, Tammi MI, Saarikoski SV, Kosma VM. CD44 expression indicates favorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. Nov 2003, 9 (14): 5318–24 [2018-07-09]. PMID 14614016. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-27）.
^ Telen MJ, Udani M, Washington MK, Levesque MC, Lloyd E, Rao N. A blood group-related polymorphism of CD44 abolishes a hyaluronan-binding consensus sequence without preventing hyaluronan binding. J. Biol. Chem. March 1996, 271 (12): 7147–53. PMID 8636151. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7147.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000026508 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005087 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid2454887-5] Spring FA, Dalchau R, Daniels GL, Mallinson G, Judson PA, Parsons SF, Fabre JW, Anstee DJ. The Ina and Inb blood group antigens are located on a glycoprotein of 80,000 MW (the CDw44 glycoprotein) whose expression is influenced by the In(Lu) gene. Immunology. May 1988, 64 (1): 37–43. PMC 1385183  . PMID 2454887.

[GeneCards-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 CD44. GeneCards. [2018-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-09）.

[MorathHartmann2016-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Morath, I.; Hartmann, T.N.; Orian-Rousseau, V. CD44: More than a mere stem cell marker. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2016, 81: 166–173. ISSN 1357-2725. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.009.

[8] CD44. NCBI. [2018-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-20）.

[SenbanjoChellaiah2017-9] Senbanjo, Linda T.; Chellaiah, Meenakshi A. CD44: A Multifunctional Cell Surface Adhesion Receptor Is a Regulator of Progression and Metastasis of Cancer Cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2017, 5. ISSN 2296-634X. doi:10.3389/fcell.2017.00018.

[NaorSionov1997-10] Naor, David; Sionov, Ronit Vogt; Ish-Shalom, Dvorah. CD44: Structure, Function and Association with the Malignant Process 71: 241–319. 1997. ISSN 0065-230X. doi:10.1016/S0065-230X(08)60101-3.

[pmid14614016-11] Sillanpää S, Anttila MA, Voutilainen K, Tammi RH, Tammi MI, Saarikoski SV, Kosma VM. CD44 expression indicates favorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. Nov 2003, 9 (14): 5318–24 [2018-07-09]. PMID 14614016. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-27）.

[pmid8636151-12] Telen MJ, Udani M, Washington MK, Levesque MC, Lloyd E, Rao N. A blood group-related polymorphism of CD44 abolishes a hyaluronan-binding consensus sequence without preventing hyaluronan binding. J. Biol. Chem. March 1996, 271 (12): 7147–53. PMID 8636151. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7147.

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