麦拉伦MCL35
麦拉伦MCL35,是2020年一级方程式世界锦标赛麦拉伦车队的比赛用车。由麦拉伦车队在詹姆斯·凯伊指导下设计和制造的一级方程式赛车。
类别 | 一级方程式赛车 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
制造商 | 麦拉伦车队 | ||||||||||
设计师 | 詹姆斯·凯伊 (技术总监)[1] | ||||||||||
前任 | 麦拉伦MCL34 | ||||||||||
后继 | 麦拉伦MCL36 | ||||||||||
技术参数[3][4][5][6][7] | |||||||||||
底盘 | 碳纤维复合材料 | ||||||||||
前悬吊 | 碳纤维叉骨和推杆悬挂元件操作内侧扭杆和阻尼弹簧系统 | ||||||||||
后悬吊 | 碳纤维叉骨和拉杆悬挂元件操作内侧扭杆和阻尼弹簧系统 | ||||||||||
长度 | 超过5400毫米 | ||||||||||
宽度 | 2000毫米 | ||||||||||
高度 | 950毫米 | ||||||||||
轴距 | 3600毫米可调节的±25毫米 | ||||||||||
发动机 | 2020: 雷诺E-Tech 20 2021: 梅赛德斯-AMGF1 M12 E Performance 1.6公升缸内直喷V6涡轮增压引擎受限至15,000rpm中置,后轮驱动布局 | ||||||||||
电动机 | 2020:雷诺 2021:梅赛德斯-AMG 动能和热能回收系统 | ||||||||||
变速器 | 麦拉伦应用技术8个档 + 1个倒向档顺序无缝 半自动 换挡拨片带差速器和多片限滑离合器 | ||||||||||
电池 | 锂离子电池 | ||||||||||
重量 | 2020:746公斤 2021:752公斤 包括车手但不包括燃油 | ||||||||||
煞车 | Akebono Brake | ||||||||||
轮胎 | 倍耐力 P Zero (干地) 倍耐力 Cinturato (湿地) | ||||||||||
参赛历史 | |||||||||||
著名的 参赛车队 | 麦拉伦F1车队 | ||||||||||
著名的 参赛车手 | |||||||||||
首次参赛 | 2020年奥地利大奖赛 | ||||||||||
首次获胜 | 2020年意大利大奖赛 | ||||||||||
最后获胜 | 2020年意大利大奖赛 | ||||||||||
最后参赛 | 2021年阿布扎比大奖赛 | ||||||||||
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相比MCL34,MCL35有的重大改变,它采用新的空气动力学设计,提高了效率,并针对雷诺引擎进行了更好的优化。这辆车原本打算只参加2020年赛季,但是由于2020赛季被2019冠状病毒病疫情严重中断2020年所有赛车能在2021年继续使用。他们制造了升级版的MCL35,麦拉伦MCL35M,用以参加2021年的赛季。同时,车队在本赛季恢复使用梅赛德斯引擎。
在赛季因 COVID-19 大流行而推迟后,MCL35在2020年奥地利大奖赛上首次亮相。由兰多·诺里斯和小卡洛斯·塞恩斯驾驶。麦拉伦车队自2012年以来首次在车队排行榜中获得第三名,并在2020年奥地利大奖赛和2020年意大利大奖赛上登上领奖台,同时还获得了三个最快圈速和一项赛道记录。
在2021赛季,MCL35M由诺里斯和丹尼尔·里卡多驾驶。更新后的赛车在2021年巴林大奖赛中首次亮相就已经获得好成绩。在整个赛季中,更新后的赛车获得了两个最快圈速、一个杆位和五个领奖台。这辆车在意大利大奖赛上取得了麦拉伦自2012 年以来的首场胜利,以及自2010年以来的首次1-2名完成。最后车队在车队积分榜上获得第四名,输给第三名的法拉利车队。
MCL35和MCL35M在两个赛季都很有竞争力。相比2018年,团队的表现有了相当大的改善,与2014年涡轮混合动力时代开始以来的情况相比,现在麦拉伦通常是第三快的车队,并且速度明显接近前两名。
背景资料
设计与研发
詹姆斯·凯伊在2019年从红牛第二车队加盟,以取代离职的蒂姆·高斯,[10][11]并成为MCL35的首席设计师.[1] 2019 年10月,车队领队 安德烈亚斯·塞德尔表示MCL34只会有很少部分被转移到MCL35,[12]目的是减少与前三名车队的速度差距,在当时仍然超过一秒。[13]诺里斯表示,车队专注在提高MCL35的转弯能力。[14][15]
与MCL34相比MCL35更强调外洗效果(Outwash Effect)——将空气移动到轮胎周围而不是轮胎上方——以及更高的后倾角(Rear rake)。[16]前翼也增加了外侧负载以获得最多的下压力。[17]MCL35具有更薄的前翼尖和更复杂的导流板,[16][18]前轴和侧箱之间有更大的空间,以更好地让雷诺的引擎冷却。[17]这辆车采用了更纤薄的侧箱轮廓,[19]它的MCL34相比,重新设计的制动管道提高了冷却能力。[20][21]凯伊解释说,MCL35悬架的几何形状被重新设计,以纳入团队无法在MCL34上实施的开发,[20][22]其中包括重新定位上下叉骨元件以影响导流板和底板板上的气流。[21]
MCL35和MCL35M的成功部分归功于,设计过程不同于MCL34,令赛车的性能更全面和完整及其相对于竞争对手的性能,而不是单个部件的性能。[23]
与MCL34及其光泽漆面相比,MCL35是第一款采用乙烯基包裹而不是喷漆的麦拉伦赛车,[24] 采用哑光饰面和更多地使用黑色,以减轻汽车的重量并减少为车身上色所需的时间。[19][25]
赛车涂装
MCL35 及其涂装最初于 2020 年 2 月亮相,采用麦拉伦公司颜色的木瓜色和蓝色。[26][27]在赛季开幕战2020年奥地利大奖赛比赛之前,麦拉伦公布了新的涂装,他们在侧箱和halo上添加了彩虹图形,以表达对一级方程式的“#WeRaceAsOne”活动的支持。[28][29]这些改变被一些人解读为代表LGBT+彩虹旗,但迈凯轮表示,彩虹总体上代表了他们对种族多样性和基层工人的支持,而不是由于任何特定原因。[28][30]
更换引擎供应商和MCL35M的准备过程
除了小量的更新外,2020年规格的汽车在2021赛季将基本保持不变,用以限制在2019冠状病毒病疫情造成不佳的财务状况下开发新车可能给车队带来的财务压力。 由于麦拉伦已经签订了在2021年使用梅赛德斯引擎的合同,因此他们获得了特别许可—根据国际汽车联盟 检查——他们可以修改底盘以适应新发动机。[31]这一限制使一级方程式赛会在 2021 年的车辆开发中采用了代币系统。[32]尽管更换了引擎供应商,但麦拉伦并未同时更换变速箱,而是继续设计和制造自己的变速箱。[33]
凯伊在2020年11月表示,转换引擎供应商的计划进展顺利,MCL35M的特点是“与今年相比,引擎的形状需要对架构进行一些更改。但基本上是一样的。”不过,凯伊也表示,由于FIA的代币系统,该车的空气动力学潜力无法发挥到最大,[34]这使得麦拉伦不得不在2020赛季之前完成大部分的底盘升级和一些空气动力学改变。[35][36]在休赛季声明中,凯伊表示,知道车队在2021年的发展将受到限制“这改变了我们在本 [2020]赛季发展方面的做法。"[37]
参赛和发展历史
MCL35:2020赛季
季前
在2020赛季开始之前,球队成功地捍卫了“Best of the rest”的地位–车队排行榜第四名,仅次于当时领先的三队:梅赛德斯,法拉利和红牛–并缩窄与他们的差距。[13][38][39][40]然而在2020年一级方程式季前测试 中,赛点车队,其赛点RP20与 梅赛德斯2019赛季的F1 W10非常相似,[41]与其他中游车队相比,RP20速度非常快,导致迈凯轮对获得第四名的机会并不乐观。[42]尽管如此,塞恩斯表示他对MCL35的表现“非常震惊”,[43][44]而车队也对赛车的速度表示满意。[45]凯伊后来说“我们在冬季测试中并没有表现出我们真正的速度。”[46]
在麦拉伦退出澳大利亚大奖赛并随后比赛取消后,[47]赛季受到2019新型冠状病毒病疫情 的影响而严重中断 ,并且重新组织了赛历,这将赛季开幕战推迟了几个月。
在首站比赛之前Renault表示他们不会为E-Tech 20引擎提供任何升级,[a]因此,MCL35在整个2020赛季都使用了相同规格的引擎,没有任何的更新。[51]
头五站
麦拉伦在奥地利大奖赛上使用了新的地板、扩散器和制动管道,以及经过调整的前翼。[52][53]诺里斯在排位赛获得第四名,在路易斯·汉米尔顿被罚后晋升至第三名,[54]而塞恩斯则排在第八名。这是自2016年奥地利大奖赛以来麦拉伦车队的最佳排位赛成绩。[55] 在诺里斯在首圈失去位置给汉米尔顿和亚历山大·阿尔本之后,两辆麦拉伦在馀下的比赛中都留在前十名内。在最后几圈,汉米尔顿与阿尔本相撞,被罚了5秒。[56] 在第五位的诺里斯需要将自己与汉密尔顿(第二位)的差距缩小到五秒以下才能进入前三位,他超越了沙治奥·佩雷斯 并在比赛的最后一圈创造了他的第一个最快圈速,并首次登上一级方程式领奖台。[57]塞恩斯在超越佩雷斯之后获得第五名。这是麦拉伦在2019年巴西大奖赛之后的三场比赛中的第二个领奖台,与之前118场比赛的颁奖台荒形成鲜明对比。[58]结果使麦拉伦在车队排行榜中中排名第二,仅次于梅赛德斯,诺里斯在车手排行榜中排名第三,塞恩斯排名第五。[59]在2021年发表的一篇关于车队战术的文章中表示,诺里斯有可能登上领奖台,因为“完美”的连续进站让他能够利用汉米尔顿的惩罚。[60]
麦拉伦在施蒂里亚大奖赛 期间使用了新的扰流板设计。[61]塞恩斯排位赛排名第三,这是自2014年以来麦拉伦最好的排位位置。[62]诺里斯排位获得第六名,但在自由练习时受到处罚后被降至第九名。[63]诺里斯在最后一圈超越了两位赛点车手,获得第五名,[64]而塞恩斯以第九名完赛,创造了最快圈速和新赛道记录,[65]截至2021年奥地利大奖赛记录仍然保持不变。塞恩斯在车手排行榜中跌至第七位。[66] 麦拉伦使用了新的发动机罩和 T 翼 [b]匈牙利大奖赛期间的设计。[68]诺里斯排在第八名,塞恩斯排在第九名。[69]两位车手在第四圈更换轮胎时失去了位置,因为在维修区被堵塞。[70]诺里斯以第十三名完赛。塞恩斯获得第十名,后来在哈斯车队车手凯文·马格努森 被罚后晋升至第九名。[71]诺里斯在 车手排行榜中跌至第四,塞恩斯跌至第九,而车队在车队排行榜中被红牛车队超越。[72]
在2020年英国大奖赛 上,麦拉伦移除了 T 翼,并将发动机罩设计恢复到匈牙利之前的版本,同时使用了新的前翼、尾翼和地板设计。[73][74]诺里斯和塞恩斯在排位分别获得第五和第七名,[75]到最后几圈,塞恩斯的一次爆胎让他跌至第十四位。[76][77]在阿尔法罗密欧车手安东尼奥·焦维纳齐受罚后,他的排名被提升到第13位,[78]而诺里斯获得第五名。塞恩斯在车手排行榜中跌至第十位。[79]
接下来的一周的70周年大奖赛,诺里斯排位获得第十名,塞恩斯获得第十三名,后者是麦拉伦车队第一次未能进入2020年排位赛最后阶段(Q3)。[80]塞恩斯后来说,车队在第三次练习中发现了过热问题,为了能够完成比赛,赛车必须进行车身改动,这会影响他的排位赛速度。[81] 在比赛中,塞恩斯的进站因换胎气枪故障而受到影响。两位车手都将轮胎管理视为他们的主要挑战,诺里斯和塞恩斯分别获得第九和第十三名。[82]麦拉伦在 车队排行榜中被法拉利超越,落后法拉利 两分。与此同时,诺里斯在被勒克莱尔超越后在车手排行榜中跌至第五位,而塞恩斯则被埃斯特班·奥康超越,从第十位降至第十一位。[83]
馀下的欧洲赛站
在西班牙大奖赛上,塞恩斯的MCL35继续遇到冷却问题,并获得了新的底盘。[84]当这未能解决问题时,车队就会更换引擎;[85]麦拉伦后来表示该问题与底板无关。[86]这是MCL35的第一次更换引擎,并成功解决了该问题。[87]塞恩斯和诺里斯分别在排位赛获得第七和第八名,[88]但车队担心比赛期间的高温会对赛车造成影响。[89]尽管如此,塞恩斯还是以第六名完赛,诺里斯以第十名完赛。[90]球队在车队排行榜中保持第四名,诺里斯在车手排行榜中下降至第七名,塞恩斯则上升至第九名。在车队排行榜中已经获得62分后,他们在六场比赛中与2018年的总分持平。尽管在季前测试期间对RP20的速度优势感到担忧,但麦拉伦对赛车的性能变得更加自信,塞德尔表示车队可以争取车队排行榜的第三名。[91]
麦拉伦在比利时大奖赛上安装了新的尾翼和后制动导管,[92]以及一个新的bargeboard。[93]在自由练习期间,该团队测试了符合2021年法规的新地板和扩散器(与2020法规相比,空气动力学部件更少且更薄)。[94][95]塞恩斯排在第七位,诺里斯则排在第十位。[96]排位赛结束后,塞恩斯对比赛时可能会下雨表示担忧,称这辆车的下压力较低,如果在大奖赛期间下雨,麦拉伦将陷入困境。[97]塞恩斯雷诺引擎在赛前损坏了右排气管后无法开始比赛,导致麦拉伦在2020年首次未能完成比赛。[98] 诺里斯爬升了三位,获得第七名。[99]结果意味著诺里斯在车手排行榜中超越兰斯·斯托尔获得第六名,而塞恩斯再次跌至第十一名。麦拉伦在车手排行榜中从赛点车队手中夺回了第三名。[100]
MCL35为2020年意大利大奖赛配备了低下压力前后翼板。[101]由于传感器问题,诺里斯错过了第二次自由练习的大部分时间。[102]意大利大奖赛也是国际汽联实施禁止排位赛引擎模式的开始[103][104]塞恩斯排在第三位,诺里斯排在第六位。[105] 塞恩斯和诺里斯都成功在第一圈提升位置,分别以第二和第三结束第一圈,他们一直保持位置直到第一辆安全车出场。[106]在马格努森和勒克莱尔造成的黄旗和红旗之后,麦拉伦车队的两位车手在第七和第八重新开始了比赛。诺里斯获得第四名,而塞恩斯试图追上皮埃尔·加斯利,并在最后一圈将差距缩小到 0.415 秒。[107]这是塞恩斯职业生涯第二次登上领奖台,也是麦拉伦本赛季第二次登上领奖台。塞德尔表示在本场比赛,麦拉伦是仅次于梅赛德斯的第二快的车队;如果比赛不那么混乱,车队将获得第二和第三名。[106]塞恩斯后来将勒克莱尔撞车造所造成的红旗列为他只能拿到第二名的原因,他说如果没有红旗让本来排在他前面的车手能够换胎,他本来可以夺冠的。[108][109] 艾法托利车队负责人弗朗茨·托斯特后来说,艾法托利车队决定在他们的艾法托利AT01上施加更高的下压力,从而在第二赛段中为加斯利带来优势,这让他能够在比赛的最后几圈阻止塞恩斯超越他。[110]诺里斯还称,红旗及其给斯托尔带来的优势是他无法夺回第三名的原因。[111]这场比赛取得了麦拉伦自 2014年以来的最佳成绩,[112]并扩大了他们在车队排行榜中第三名的领先优势,而诺里斯将在车手排行榜中获得第五名,塞恩斯则获得第九名。[113]在2021年发表的一篇关于战术的文章中,麦拉伦表示,“如果我们不在安全车下进站,而是在比赛因红旗暂时停止时更换轮胎,车队本可以获胜”,但车队总监体育和战略兰迪辛格说球队“在正确的时间做出了正确的决定。"[60]
在第一次自由练习赛中,麦拉伦测试了一个打算在本赛季晚些时候比赛的新车鼻,以便将其应用于2021年的底盘。[114]在第二次自由练习赛结束后,塞恩斯评论说该车缺乏尾部稳定性,但通过正确的改动,它的“性能可以大大提高”。[115]塞恩斯排在第9位,诺里斯排在第11位,这是2020年第一次,后者没有进入Q3。[116]两位车手都解释说,MCL35对风非常敏感,尤其是顺风,但与练习赛相比,对赛车的性能感到满意。[117]比赛期间,斯托尔在开场一圈与塞恩斯相撞,导致他打滑。[118]然后他被塞巴斯蒂安·维特尔撞中,但与维特尔不同的是,塞恩斯的车没有损坏。安全车重新启动后,在焦维纳兹与突然减速的威廉士车队的尼古拉斯·拉提菲和马格努森,触发了比赛的第一个红旗。[118][119]塞恩斯成为麦拉伦2020赛季第一个退赛的车手。诺里斯以第六名完赛。[120]麦拉伦在车队排行榜中保持第三名,诺里斯在车手排行榜中排名第四,而塞恩斯则跌至第十一名。[121]在这场比赛结束时,迈凯轮在9场大奖赛中得分超过100分,比2019年的16场比赛要快得多。赛后,麦拉伦的生产总监皮尔斯·泰恩(Piers Thynne)表示,在比赛中,车队“失去了重要的部分”。[122][123][124]
在俄罗斯大奖赛上,麦拉伦的MCL35配备了新的前翼子板,[125]并继续测试上一场比赛引入的新前翼头设计。[126]在托斯卡纳大奖赛后,塞恩斯回到了他在西班牙大奖赛之前使用的底盘。[86]在第一次自由练习赛中,塞恩斯在七号弯打滑并在尾翼受损后触发了虚拟安全车。[127] 塞恩斯和诺里斯分别在排位赛获得第六和第八名。[128]当被问及他在排位赛中从自由练习赛第三名下降到第六名时,塞恩斯在排位赛后解释说,车队再次遇到了MCL35的风敏感性问题。[129]塞德尔还表示,新前翼头“实际上并没有带来任何进步”,但在上一场比赛和自由练习中发生事故后,车队“目前零件数量非常有限”;新前翼头将成为下一场比赛中引入的未来升级包的一部分。[130][131] 两辆MCL35的起步都很糟糕。[132]在第二个转弯处,塞恩斯跑出赛道并“误判了[他]在指示柱周围的进入速度”试图重新加入赛道,与墙壁相撞并退出比赛。[133]诺里斯被迫碾过塞恩斯赛车上的碎片,导致转向问题,影响了他在接下来的比赛中的表现。[134]诺里斯在安全车期间进站,但他的硬胎并没有像希望的那样持续整个比赛距离;迫使他再次进站并让他掉出积分区。[135]麦拉伦表示,这样做是因为诺里斯已经有可能因为老化的轮胎而掉出积分区,因此打算从其他车队手中夺走最快圈速。[86] 这是麦拉伦自2019年墨西哥大奖赛以来的第一场零分比赛,结束了12场比赛的连续得分,也是该车队在2020年唯一一场零分比赛。
迈凯轮在2020年艾费尔大奖赛之前宣布,其馀的空气动力学升级将在那场比赛中安装在赛车上。[131]后来澄清只有塞恩斯才会安装新的更新,[136]之所以做出这样的决定,是因为自由练习一和二被取消,比较新旧空气动力学套装的机会有限。[24]诺里斯在排位赛获得第八名,塞恩斯获得第十名,[137] 塞恩斯说他对更新不满意。[138][139]麦拉伦将塞恩斯的挣扎归咎于前两次的自由练习赛被取消,并表示没有为赛道而正确设置赛车。[136]尽管在一夜之间安装了新的引擎,[140]诺里斯在他的雷诺引擎出现问题之前排名第三,其后出现问题并下降了几个位置,直到他被迫退赛,并触发了安全车。[141]塞恩斯在第五名完赛。[142]麦拉伦在车队排行榜中落后赛点车队,排名第四;而诺里斯在车手排行榜中跌至第六。[143]
车队在葡萄牙大奖赛上继续研发新的空气动力学套件,并对赛车进行了额外升级。[144][145]车队选择在MCL35上换上新的前翼鼻箱,将其馀的升级推迟到未来的比赛。[146]尽管在排位赛中,存在更多风敏感性的问题,[147]塞恩斯排在第七位,诺里斯排在第八位。[148]两辆麦拉伦都在首圈提升位置,塞恩斯从第二圈到第五圈获得领先,诺里斯上升到第四。[149] 这一早期优势部分归因于MCL35将软胎带入操作窗口的速度。[150]然而,随著中型轮胎进入其操作窗口并启用减阻系统,两辆麦拉伦都开始下跌位置。斯托尔试图超越诺里斯,但在弯心转向他,[151]这对两辆车都造成损坏,诺里斯在进站后降到倒数第二位。[152]塞恩斯因为轮胎颗粒化而表现挣扎,[153]但他仍能以第六位完赛,诺里斯则以第十三位。[154] 迈凯轮在车队排行榜中保持第四名,诺里斯在车手排行榜中下降至第七名,而塞恩斯则上升至第十名。[155]
诺里斯和塞恩斯分别在艾米利亚-罗马涅大奖赛排位赛中获得第九和第十名。[156]塞恩斯以第七完赛,诺里斯排名第八完赛,[157]塞恩斯说,艾尔本在他面前打滑后的回避动作阻止了他在最后几圈进攻前面的车手。[158]麦拉伦在车队排行榜中与赛点车队分数上相同,但均被雷诺超越。塞恩斯在车手排行榜中上升到第八名。[159]塞德尔表示车队的比赛受到发车位置的限制,而诺里斯则表示车队仍有竞争力,但运气不佳。[160]
尾四站
MCL35上的几个组件经过重新设计,以适应土耳其大奖赛的高负载特性。[161] 在第一次练习赛中,塞恩斯的动力装置的电子设备出现问题,触发了虚拟安全车,导致他错过了大部分练习。[162][163]诺里斯和塞恩斯原本分别排在第11位和第13位。[164] 然而,诺里斯因违反黄旗规则而被罚退五位,[165]裁判说“Car 4 在赛道出现了双黄旗时,仍然尝试做单圈时间,因此违反了规定。"[166]塞恩斯因阻碍佩雷斯被罚退三位,塞恩斯表示,部分原因是天气状况。[167]塞恩斯最后以第五完赛,诺里斯则以第八完赛,而后者也创造了比赛的最快圈速。[168]塞恩斯在车手排行榜中超越诺里斯获得第七名。[169]结果意味著他们在本赛季拿到中超过2019 年的145个车队积分榜积分,在14场比赛中获得了149分。
麦拉伦在巴林大奖赛上利用了部分自由练习,继续使用2021年的地板和扩散器进行测试。[95][170] 诺里斯说他对这辆车缺乏信心,他说:“我今天整个人都没有自信[...]只是因为它在风中相当棘手,尽管风不是很大。"[171]在排位赛的第二部分(Q2)中,塞恩斯的尾轴由于尾刹车失灵而锁死,提前结束了他的排位赛,并限制了他对比赛轮胎的选择。[172]诺里斯在排位赛中获得第九名,塞恩斯获得第十五名。[173]诺里斯最终在比赛中获得第四名,塞恩斯获得第五名,这意味著麦拉伦在两辆赛点赛车退赛后以17分的优势在车队排行榜中重新获得第三名。[174]诺里斯在车手排行榜中超越塞恩斯获得第七名。[175]
塞恩斯在萨基尔大奖赛(也在巴林国际赛道举行,但布局不同)之前预测,选择正确的设置——尤其是下压力水平——将会很难做到。[176]麦拉伦最终以产生较低下压力的空气动力学套件套用到MCL35,包括“勺形”尾翼。[177]在第二次练习赛中,塞恩斯的变速箱出现问题,中断了他的跑步。诺里斯在路边损坏了他的MCL35的地板,然后遇到了电源问题。两位车手都对他们与前一周相比明显的速度下降表示惊讶。[178] 塞恩斯排位赛得到第八,他说这是“我们的车能做到的极限”,[179]而诺里斯则排在第十五位,他将其归因于糟糕的暖胎圈和他自己的错误.[180][181]诺里斯在更换了他的内燃机和涡轮增压器后被要求从第19位发车,因为这超出了他的部件限制。[182] 正赛中,塞恩斯开局不错,在第一圈结束时升上第三名,并短暂挑战第二名:梅赛德斯的瓦尔特里·博塔斯。[183]然而,在塞恩斯第二次进站后不久,一辆安全车让在他进站后超越他的对手获得了优势。[184]比赛重新开始时,塞恩斯超越博塔斯而获得第四名。[185]诺里斯在最后一圈被乔治·罗素的梅赛德斯超越后以第十名完赛,并表示他缺乏挑战更高位置的速度,[185]他将其归因于MCL35被扰流影响而表现挣扎。[186]在赛点车队以第一和第三位完赛后之后,麦拉伦在车队排行榜中跌至第四,艾尔本在车手排行榜中超越诺里斯获得第八,而塞恩斯则获得第七。[187]
诺里斯在阿布扎比大奖赛排位赛中获得第四名,塞恩斯第六名。[188]诺里斯说,他对自己和杆位维斯塔潘的时间之间的微小差距感到惊讶,只有0.251秒,他称这是他今年最好的单圈。[189]最终,诺里斯以第五名完赛,塞恩斯以第六名完赛,得分足以在车队排行榜中获得第三名,夺得2020年车队世界季军,[190][191]这是麦拉伦自2012年赛季以来的最佳成绩。[192]塞恩斯在最终的车手排行榜中排名第六,而诺里斯本赛季排名第九。[193]车队后来称这场比赛在战术上“很可能是我们今年最顺利的”。[194]
麦拉伦没有参加季后年轻车手测试,使得阿布扎比大奖赛成为MCL35出赛的最后一站。[195]
评价和特色
尽管在车队排行榜中获得第三名,但MCL35很少是速度第三快的赛车,并且通常被赛点车队的赛点RP20和雷诺车队的R.S.20超越。[196]记者劳伦斯·巴雷托(Lawrence Barretto)将评价这款车为“缺乏下压力、缺乏低速平衡并且顺风情况下表现不佳”,但也表示“整体表现好,在高速弯有关键优势”,并指出塞恩斯在葡萄牙的首圈表现证明了MCL35在寒冷天气下的能力。[197] 麦拉伦后来将该车的风敏度标记为“MCL35的阿葛琉斯之踵(弱点)”。[198]总体而言,麦拉伦在2020年的大部分退赛并不是因为赛车或车手犯错;通常退赛是由于其他车手或雷诺E-Tech 20引擎问题引起的事故。[46][196]
记者大卫·特里梅恩将MCL35描述为“稳定的得分手”,这一特点使麦拉伦在竞争车队排行榜第三名时保持竞争力。[199]巴雷托做出了类似的评估,称MCL35允许其车手“更稳定地取得好成绩——这是雷诺或赛点车队无法复制的。"[197]
在回顾2020赛季时,麦拉伦体育总监安德烈亚·斯特拉表示,该车在赛季初期的表现让车队“非常有竞争力并且处于中场的前列”,但这优势在赛季后半段没有保持,而凯伊说:“某些赛道和环境,特别是在赛季后半段,没有发挥出我们的优势。"[46] 将 MCL35 与 MCL34 进行比较,凯伊表示该团队“在解决 [MCL34的]弱点方面仅取得了大约50%的成功”,但“这辆车并没有什么因素阻止我们这样做[改进汽车]。主要是与空气动力有关,有一些设置方面的问题。"[200]
MCL35M: 2021赛季
从MCL35到MCL35M的发展
由于国际汽联对2021年研发施加的限制而推出代币系统,MCL35M的大部分空气动力学变化都是在2021赛季引入的。[201]麦拉伦“对MCL35的某些区域进行了大幅重新设计”,以适应2021年降低赛车整体下压力的法规,以及改用梅赛德斯动力装置而需要重新设计液压系统,[202]冷却系统、电子系统、[46]用于空气和流体的管道以及控制箱。[203]这些变化因为M12和E-Tech2有不同的布局,梅赛德斯引擎的涡轮和压气机在不同地点:[204] E-Tech 20的涡轮和压气机都位于引擎的后部,而M12将压气机置于前部,将涡轮置于后部,以实现更大、更高效的动力单元。[205]MCL35M还引入了新的变速箱,[46]有麦拉伦继续独立开发[33]这个新的变速箱需要延长赛车的轴距。 [202]凯伊将MCL35M描述为“类似于一辆全新的赛车”。[46]
底盘的后端和变速箱外壳发生了显著变化,因此由于赛车架构的变化,麦拉伦是唯一需要重新检查底盘的车队。[203]MCL35M 于 2020年12月通过了FIA碰撞测试。[206]
凯伊确定了MCL35M需要改进的两个领域:低速转弯性能和风敏感度,这是MCL35难以解决的两个领域。[207]生产总监皮尔斯·泰恩(Piers Thynne)表示,“MCL35M上的新零件数量与我们制造 MCL35时的数量大致相同”,这意味著“基本上,我们一直在制造一辆新车”。但是,变速箱内部部件没有改变,一些悬挂部件也没有改变。[203]
MCL35M的进气口与MCL35相比发生了显著变化,变成与梅赛德斯赛车相似的更传统的设计。侧箱还采用了更倾斜的设计,以便将空气倾倒到地板和扩散器中,以产生更大的下压力并抵消2021年技术规则减少下压力的影响。[208]
MCL35M的扩散器是季前测试期间讨论的焦点,因为该车的扩散器条似乎比2021年规则允许的长得多。[209]通过将内侧板条连接到汽车地板上,团队可以使用更大的扩散器。[210]凯伊说,他很惊讶没有其他团队实施这种解决方法,但将其描述为更大的空气动力学概念的一部分,并且不希望它被复制或持续存在争议。[211]在对2021年研发的回顾中,记者和技术分析师马克·休斯和Giorgio Piola称麦拉伦的扩散器是本赛季“最原始”的创新。[212]
2021赛车涂装
与其他梅赛德斯的客户车队不同,麦拉伦选择不在2021年的涂装中加入任何梅赛德斯品牌,这与以雷诺品牌为特色的MCL35形成鲜明对比。[213][214]除了移除MCL35 halo上的“#WeRaceAsOne”图形(但保留了侧箱图形)之外,MCL35M的涂装基本保持不变。[215]
在2021年摩纳哥大奖赛,麦拉伦获得了FIA和一级方程式赛车的特别许可,可以使用一次性的海湾石油涂装(浅蓝色涂装,带有橙色条纹,许多由海湾石油赞助的球队都采用)。该涂装还应用于车手工作服和车队制服,[216][217]两位车手都为大奖赛使用了新的头盔设计。[218]
该团队在阿布扎比大奖赛上与Vuse合作,推出了第二个一次性涂装,使用了当地艺术家 Rabab Tantawy 的作品。[219]
季前
在2020赛季结束后,塞德尔表示他不相信麦拉伦可以在2021赛季直接与梅赛德斯和红牛(在 2020 年车队锦标赛中分别获得第一和第二名)竞争,而车队将转而努力减少与他们在的速度差距。[220][221]布朗说,更具竞争力的中游竞争意味著麦拉伦“可能会更接近梅赛德斯 [...] 也可能锦标赛中滑落至第五”。[222]当被问及迈凯轮是否有可能在 2021 赛季更频繁地登上领奖台时,诺里斯说“这想太多了吧!”,“梅赛德斯引擎和车尾是向前迈出的一大步,但它不会解决所有问题。我们不能在每场比赛中都登上领奖台。"[223]
梅赛德斯AMG高性能动力总成董事总经理 Hywel Thomas 表示,他们“在动力装置方面遇到了一些问题”,主要是由于动力计的使用受到限制,但相信这些问题将会在赛季初解决。他宣布梅赛德斯将不会对2021年的引擎进行任何升级,这意味著MCL35M需要在整个赛季都使用了相同规格的发动机。[c][226]凯伊说,麦拉伦在自己的测功机测试中没有遇到这些问题。[227]
MCL35M于2021年2月16日在银石赛道的拍摄日进行了第一次调整。[227]
麦拉伦在季前测试(在巴林国际赛车场举行)中很快,在没有任何重大可靠性问题的情况下设置了几个最快圈速。诺里斯说测试“进展顺利”,团队“可能比去年更有信心”[228]
季初
两位车手在2021年巴林大奖赛的自由练习中表现很好,但表示他们对MCL35M的操控性和平衡性不满意,并预计车队会在排位赛和比赛比梅赛德斯和红牛慢,更接近中游的其他车队。[229][230][231]里卡多和诺里斯分别在排位赛获得第六和第七名。[232]在比赛中,诺里斯在开场圈就超过了里卡多和勒克莱尔,并保持在第四名的位置。里卡多挣扎于轮胎温度作[233]并以第七名完赛[234]里卡多表现欠佳后来被归咎于在开场几圈被加斯利撞到后,他的赛车底板受损。[235]结果使麦拉伦在车队排行榜中排名第三,仅次于红牛,领先于法拉利,诺里斯排名第四,里卡多在车手排行榜排名第七。[236]
里卡多在艾米利亚-罗马涅大奖赛排位赛中获得第六名,诺里斯第七名,结果让诺里斯感到失望,因为他的最后一圈排位赛是第三快的,但因超出赛道边界而被罚。[237]在湿滑的正赛中,车队指令被用来让诺里斯在比赛初期超越里卡多,因为后者继续在速度上挣扎。[238]诺里斯在最后几圈与汉米尔顿缠斗中输给了他,获得了第三名,而里卡多则获得了第六名。[239]麦拉伦在车队排行榜中保持第三,诺里斯在车手排行榜中上升到第三,里卡多保持在第七。[240]赛德尔后来说,车队很高兴MCL35M底盘在前两场比赛中均未遭受明显损坏,这将有助于确保麦拉伦在本赛季保持在预算帽内。[241]
诺里斯和里卡多分别在葡萄牙大奖赛获得了排位赛的第七名和第十六名。[242]里卡多在第一个排位赛阶段(Q1)被淘汰,这是麦拉伦自2019年巴西大奖赛以来的第一次。[243]在比赛中,诺里斯获得第五名,而里卡多则恢复到第九名。这场比赛之后,麦拉伦是唯一一支在本赛季每场比赛中两位车手都得分的车队。[244]
车队在西班牙大奖赛使用了新 T 翼[245]并为MCL35M换上了新的前翼和地板。[246]新的前翼经过优化以适应更高的下压力配置,而麦拉伦成为第八支实施 Z 形底板切口的车队。[d][248]升级的整体效果是降低了赛车的俯仰敏感度。[e][249]里卡多排在第七位,并表示他对配备新更新的MCL35M更有信心。[250]诺里斯排位赛排名第9,他对这一结果感到失望,因为他在Q1被哈斯车手尼基塔·马泽平阻碍并且不得不使用一套额外的软胎,从而限制了他在Q3可以进行的快圈。[251][252]诺里斯在他的第一个Q3圈在八号弯和九号弯跑偏后造成的地板损坏令他表现更差。[253]里卡多以第六名完赛,诺里斯以第八名完赛,赛德尔表示,鉴于在巴塞罗那-加泰罗尼亚赛道上超车的难度,他对赛果感到满意。[254]在车手排行榜中,诺里斯被博塔斯超越,跌至第四名。[255]
MCL35M在摩纳哥大奖赛用上一次性的海湾涂装(见§ 2021赛车涂装).诺里斯排位赛获得第五名,但里卡多在Q2被淘汰出局,排在第十二名。[256]里卡多说MCL35M的操作窗口比他驾驶其他赛车的要小,这令他挣扎。[257]在比赛中,在勒克莱尔没法出赛、博塔斯退赛后,诺里斯与佩雷斯缠斗以捍卫了自己的位置。最后以第三名完赛。[258]里卡多在比赛开始时失去位置,最终被诺里斯套圈并以第十二名完赛。[259]这是自2020年葡萄牙大奖赛以来麦拉伦车队首次有车手在前十之外完赛,并终结了麦拉伦车队在2021年每场比赛中两位车手都得分的纪录。车队保住了车队排行榜的第三名,但他们与法拉利的领先优势被缩小到仅领先两分。诺里斯在车手排行榜中重新上升至第三名,而里卡多则跌至第八名。[260]
排位赛被许多黄旗和红旗打断,诺里斯在阿塞拜疆大奖赛排位赛中获得第六名而里卡多第十三名,后者在排位赛中撞墙。[261]诺里斯因违反红旗规则而被罚退三位,并以第九名开始比赛。[262]诺里斯起步不佳,跌至第十二,[263]但两位车手都避免了赛道上发生的事故,并一路攀升至第五和第九位完赛。[264]诺里斯在车手排行榜中被分站冠军佩雷斯超越,而里卡多在被上领奖台的加斯利和维特尔超越,跌至第十位。车队在车队排行榜中被法拉利超越,跌至第四位。[265]
季中
MCL35M在法国大奖赛上采用了新的尾翼端板,采用水平百叶窗式而不是垂直条板,以更好地控制汽车尾部的湍流。[266]升级还包括一个新的、更薄的发动机罩,并引入了“Horn”(安装在汽车前部,就在halo前面的散热片),以重新引导赛车顶部的气流。[267][268]诺里斯排位赛获得第八名,里卡多第十名。[269]诺里斯开局不佳,跌至第十名,但最终以第五名完赛;里卡多以第六名赛。[270]麦拉伦在车队排行榜中重新获得第三名,因为法拉利在他们的车上遇到了轮胎退化问题,而里卡多在车手排行榜中上升到第九名。[271]
在施蒂利亚大奖赛排位赛上,诺里斯获得第四名,但由于博塔斯被罚而提升到第三名,而里卡多则获得第十三名。[272]诺里斯让佩雷斯和博塔斯在开场几圈超越他,因为麦拉伦不相信MCL35M有足够的速度保持于领先红牛和梅赛德斯赛车的位置,并最终获得第五名。[273]里卡多在比赛开始时赚取了四个位置,直到他遇到动力装置问题并跌至第十二位。虽然问题得到了解决,但里卡多还是只以第13名完赛。[274]
该车在奥地利大奖赛(也在红牛环赛道举行)配备了新地板和在Z 形切口附近额外的导向叶片,[275]并且切口的面积减小了。[276]诺里斯在比赛中获得第二名,比杆位选手维斯塔潘的时间只慢 0.048 秒,并且在排位赛中比两辆梅赛德斯赛车快——这是自2012年以来麦拉伦车队首次在排在前排,以及诺里斯职业生涯最好的排位赛成绩.[277]里卡多排位赛第十三。[278]诺里斯在前 20 圈保持位置,并因迫使佩雷斯跑偏而被罚5秒。罚秒在诺里斯进站时进行,他在第52圈超越汉米尔顿获得第三名,并在2021赛季第三次登上领奖台。[279]塞德尔和诺里斯都表示,如果他们没有被罚,他们相信他本可以挑战第二名。[280]里卡多以第七名完赛,[281]并在车手排行榜中上升到第八名。[282]
在英国大奖赛的一级方程式冲刺排位赛中,诺里斯获得第六名,里卡多获得第七名。[283]两位车手都提升了一位,以第5和第6名发车。[284]诺里斯在比赛开始时超越博塔斯,在维斯塔潘和汉米尔顿相撞后上升至第三名,前者撞车退赛。他以第四名完赛,但在缓慢的进站让博塔斯超越他后感到失望。[285]里卡多上升到第五名,在塞恩斯都完成了预定的进站后与他缠斗。[286] 诺里斯在车手排行榜中上升到第三位。[287]赛后,诺里斯说法拉利 SF21是比MCL35M更快的赛车,并指出SF21的轮胎管理和高温性能优于麦拉伦。[288]
麦拉伦在匈牙利大奖赛上对MCL35M进行了最后一次重大升级,以专注于下年的赛车;[289]升级包括经过修改的引流板。[290]诺里斯在排位赛中获得第六名,里卡多获得第11名。[291]两位车手都有好的起步:诺里斯在第一个弯道上升至第三位,但被博塔斯从后面击中,然后与维斯塔潘相撞。[292]与此同时,斯托尔与里卡多和勒克莱尔相撞。[293]博塔斯和斯托尔都将在下一场比赛中罚退5位,并被罚2个超级驾照积分。[294]两辆MCL35M均遭受重创,诺里斯在红旗期间退赛,成为自2020年埃菲尔大奖赛以来麦拉伦车队首次退赛,并结束了他的15场比赛连续得分纪录。据估计,里卡多赛车的损伤使他每圈损失了大约 0.8 秒。[293] 他以第12名完赛,在维特尔被取消资格后升至第11名,使匈牙利大奖赛成为车队在17场大奖赛以来第一场零分比赛。法拉利在车队排行榜积分上与麦拉伦同分。里卡多在车手排行榜中被加斯利超越,排名第八。
在匈牙利大奖赛之后,麦拉伦留在赛道,参加了倍耐力2022年轮胎测试。里卡多和诺里斯在测试时都开著一辆MCL35M的复制品,重点测试软胎。[295]
在比利时大奖赛 上,MCL35M引入了新的刹车导管。[296]赛车在下雨的排位赛中表现出色,里卡多获得了第四名,这是他在车队中的最好成绩。诺里斯在 Q1 和 Q2 造出了最快的时间,但在Eau Rouge弯道失去了对他的汽车的控制并且失控撞墙,结束了他的排位赛并损坏了他的变速箱。 在上一场比赛对博塔斯的处罚和诺里斯更换变速箱后,他在第十五位开始了比赛。[297]大雨阻止了比赛的开始,在大奖赛被取消之前,在安全车的情况下完成了三圈,并在第一圈结束时得出了结果。因此,里卡多以第四名完赛,是他在麦拉伦的最好成绩,诺里斯以第十四名完赛。并只授予半分,使麦拉伦从法拉利抢回第三名。
里卡多在荷兰大奖赛获得第十名,而诺里斯因红旗失去最后一次造排位时间,在第二季度被淘汰,这是他在2021年第一次未能进入Q3,排第十三位。[298]里卡多的赛车在开赛时出现了离合器故障,导致他在第一圈失去位置。[299]两位车手都在努力争取更高的位置,诺里斯以第十名完赛,里卡多以第十一名完赛。诺里斯在车手排行榜中从第三名跌至第四名,里卡多从第八名跌至第九名,而车队在车队排行榜中再次被法拉利超越。[300]
MCL35M在意大利大奖赛使用了了低下压力,并带有改进了前尾翼。[301]诺里斯在本赛季的第二次冲刺排位赛中获得第四名,而里卡多则获得第五名。[302]在冲刺排位赛中,里卡多上升到第三位,在排位赛第一位车手博塔斯受到引擎处罚后,两位车手都被提升了一个位置。[303]在比赛中,里卡多在进入第一个弯道超越维斯塔潘,而诺里斯则要防守汉米尔顿。在第一次进站后,维斯塔潘和汉米尔顿发生了碰撞,让麦拉伦车队可以挑战胜利。[304]里卡多在最后一圈获得了比赛的最快圈,带领诺里斯完成了麦拉伦自2010年加拿大大奖赛以来的第一个1-2位完赛,以及自2012年巴西大奖赛以来的首场胜利。[305]里卡多在车手排行榜中重新返回第八名,而麦拉伦在车队排行榜中重新获得第三名。[306]MCL35M 是唯一一辆在2021赛季取得 1-2 完赛的赛车。[307]
里卡多在俄罗斯大奖赛的自由练习中遇到了动力单元故障,需要更换旧引擎。[308]该车使用了高下压力空气动力学套件。[309] 诺里斯在他的职业生涯中首次获得杆位,而里卡多则以第五名起步。[310]尽管在首圈被塞恩斯超越,但其后诺里斯重新夺回了领先优势,并领跑了比赛。还剩九圈,汉米尔顿向诺里斯发动进攻。[311]尽管赛道已经干涸,但在还剩六圈时开始下小雨。[311]还剩四圈时,车队建议诺里斯从硬胎换成半雨胎,[311]诺里斯拒绝了,他后来说这个决定“在当时的条件下是正确的”,但最终“让我们付上了一切”,因为他在进站时滑出赛道并跌至第七位。[312]赛德尔、诺里斯和汉米尔顿[313]都说这个结果最终并不能反映MCL35M在赛道上的速度和潜力,诺里斯获得了比赛的最快圈速。[312][314] 然而,里卡多更早地更换了半雨胎,并获得了第四名。[315]
季尾
麦拉伦在土耳其大奖赛中使用了高下压力套件和双 T 翼,[316]诺里斯排位赛获得第八名,里卡多获得第十六名。两人都因对其他车手的罚退而被提升到发车位,但诺里斯表示,MCL35M在赛道上“不容易驾驶”,而里卡多表示他“今天并不处于最佳地位” .[317]麦拉伦决定更换里卡多赛车上的几个引擎部件,这引发了车队本赛季的第一个部件处罚,并将他排在了发车区的后面。[318]诺里斯以第七完赛,里卡多以第十三完赛。[319]
里卡多在美国大奖赛排位赛中获得第七名,诺里斯获得第八名,由于博塔斯再次受到引擎罚退,两人都被提升了一个位置。[320]两位车手都表示,他们很惊讶比两位法拉利车手的速度快。[321] 里卡多以第五名完赛。[322]诺里斯以第八名完赛,称他的表现“令人失望”,[323]在车手排行榜中佩雷斯超越。[324]
该车配备了用于墨西哥城大奖赛的高下压力尾翼和 T 翼。[325]里卡多在自由练习中因受到变速箱问题,失去许多练习时间。[326]里卡多排在第七位,麦拉伦使用诺里斯来给里卡多提供协助。因为诺里斯的车配备了多个新的动力单元元件,需要诺里斯从发车区后排开始。[327]结果,原本排位第10的诺里斯,要从第18位开始了。[328]里卡多有很好的起步,并与杆位的博塔斯并肩跑进一号弯,但两人相撞并掉到后面。[329]里卡多在处理他MCL35M的损坏后以第12名完赛,而诺里斯则以第10名完赛。[330]麦拉伦在车队排行榜中被法拉利超越。[331]
诺里斯和里卡多在圣保罗大奖赛上分别获得本赛季第三场最后一场冲刺排位赛资格赛的第八和第九名,但由于汉米尔顿的取消资格,他们都被提升了一个位置。[332]在冲刺排位赛中,诺里斯升至第六位,而里卡多则跌至第十一位。[333] 由于汉米尔顿的动力装置罚退,诺里斯被提升了一个位置。[334]比赛开始时,诺里斯与塞恩斯发生碰撞,爆胎使他跌至最后一名。[335]他以第十名完赛,而里卡多则因动力装置故障而退赛。[334]
在首届卡塔尔大奖赛中,诺里斯在排位赛获得第六名(在受到罚站处罚后晋升至第四名),里卡多获得第十四名。[336]在比赛中,诺里斯在轮胎爆胎之前排名第四,最终以第九名完赛。[337]里卡多在他的MCL35M上因系统错误影响燃料使用量而以第12名。[338]塞德尔表示,墨西哥、圣保罗和卡塔尔的三连赛结果令人失望,因为车队认为这款赛车与法拉利的SF21相比仍然具有竞争力。[339]
诺里斯在第一届沙特阿拉伯大奖赛排位赛中获得第七名,里卡多第十一名,后者遭受了底板损坏。塞德尔表示,车队的表现低于预期,因为吉达滨海赛道的弯道主要是中速,而不是预期的高速。[340]比赛期间,诺里斯在第一个红旗前进站,因此失去了所有在重新开始时尚未进站的车手的位置。他在第14名重新开始,并以第10名完赛。里卡多处于相反的情况,并以第五名完赛。[341]诺里斯在车手排行榜中输给了勒克莱尔第五名,跌至第六名。
MCL35M为阿布扎比大奖赛提供了一次性的Vuse涂装(参见§ 2021赛车涂装)。[219]诺里斯在排位赛中获得第三名,里卡多获得第十名。[342]诺里斯起步不佳,失去了两个位置,但一直保持在第五名,直到遇到缓慢的爆胎和变速箱问题;他以第七名完赛。[343] 里卡多以第十二名完赛,在虚拟安全车期间失去位置。[344]诺里斯在车手排行榜中,里卡多则以第八名完成赛季,麦拉伦在车队排行榜中获得第四名。随著2022年新一代赛车的推出,这场比赛是MCL35M的最终一站。[345] 麦拉伦在阿布扎比大奖赛后参加了在亚斯码头赛道的季后倍耐力测试。与季内测试不同,使用的轮胎是最终确定在下赛季使用的的合成物。里卡多和诺里斯驾驶基于MCL35M的模型车来测试 2022年的化合物。[346]帕托·奥沃德,Arrow McLaren SP的印第赛车系列车手之一,在季后年轻车手测试测试了MCL35M。[347][348]
完整一级方程式参赛记录
2020(MCL35)
(赛果底色示意列表)
粗体-杆位 斜体-最快圈速 * – 赛季进行中
† – 车手未完成赛事,但已完成90%的原定赛程,因而有排名
‡ – 由于未完成预定距离的75%,因此该场比赛只能获得一半积分
年份 | 底盘 | 动力单元(Power unit) | 轮胎 | 车号 | 车手 | 大奖赛 | 积分 | 名次 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
奥 | 施 | 匈 | 英 | 周年 | 西 | 比 | 意 | 托 | 俄 | 艾费 | 葡 | 艾米 | 土 | 巴林 | 萨 | 阿 | ||||||||||||||
2020年 | 麦拉伦MCL35 | 雷诺E-Tech 20 1.6V6 t | P | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 兰多·诺里斯 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 15 | Ret | 13 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 202 | 季军 | ||||||||||
55 | 小卡洛斯·塞恩斯 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 13 | 6 | DNS | 2 | Ret | Ret | 5 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||||
来源:[349] |
2021(MCL35M)
(赛果底色示意列表)
粗体-杆位 斜体-最快圈速 * – 赛季进行中
† – 车手未完成赛事,但已完成90%的原定赛程,因而有排名
‡ – 由于未完成预定距离的75%,因此该场比赛只能获得一半积分
年份 | 底盘 | 动力单元(Power unit) | 轮胎 | 车号 | 车手 | 大奖赛 | 积分 | 名次 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
巴林 | 艾米 | 葡 | 西 | 摩 | 阿塞 | 法 | 施 | 奥 | 英 | 匈 | 比‡ | 荷 | 意 | 俄 | 土 | 美 | 墨 | 圣 | 卡 | 沙 | 阿布 | |||||||||
2021年 | 麦拉伦MCL35M | 梅赛德斯F1 M12 EQ Power+ 1.6V6t |
P | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 丹尼尔·里卡多 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 5 | 12 | Ret | 12 | 5 | 12 | 275 | 第4 | |||||
4 | 兰多·诺里斯 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | Ret | 14 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 7 | |||||||
来源:[350] |
备注
- ^ 相比之下,梅赛德斯M11[48]和本田RA620H[49]在奥地利大奖赛皆获得更新,而法拉利065没有得到任何升级。[50]
- ^ T 翼是一个较小的副翼,连接到后发动机罩以改善后翼和扩散器的气流。[67]
- ^ 相比之下,本田 RA621H 和法拉利 065/6 分别都在比利时和土耳其大奖赛获得了赛季升级,而雷诺 E-Tech 21 则没有。[224][225]
- ^ Z形切口去除赛车地板边缘的一部分,旨在在地板边缘产生涡流以增加汽车下方的负压。这增加了地板产生的下压力,减少了由于2021年法规变化而损失的下压力。[247]
- ^ 俯仰敏感度是指在刹车时赛车的行驶高度发生变化时,由于下压力不平衡而引起的汽车不稳定。
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- ^ Everything you need to know for the Russian Grand Prix. McLaren Racing. McLaren Racing Ltd. 22 September 2020 [24 September 2020]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-28) (英语).
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- ^ Sainz: First of all, apologies to the entire team. Grand Prix 24/7. 27 September 2020 [28 September 2020]. (原始内容存档于28 September 2020) (美国英语).
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- ^ Richards, Giles. Lewis Hamilton equals Michael Schumacher's 91 race wins at Eifel F1 GP. TheGuardian.com (Guardian Media Group). 11 October 2020 [11 October 2020]. ISSN 0261-3077. (原始内容存档于11 October 2020) (英国英语).
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- ^ Noble, Jonathan. McLaren takes "next step" with F1 upgrades package at Portuguese GP . Autosport. Motorsport Network. 25 October 2020 [25 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于28 October 2020) (英语).
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- ^ McLaren drivers 'made the best of a bad day' with 7th and 8th in Portuguese GP qualifying. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 24 October 2020 [25 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于28 October 2020) (英语).
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- ^ McLaren's Carlos Sainz sums up first day's running in Turkey as 'the strangest Friday in my life'. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 13 November 2020 [13 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于15 November 2020) (英语).
- ^ Carlos Sainz reflects on 'strangest Friday' of his life. PlanetF1. Planet Sport Publishing. 13 November 2020 [13 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于15 November 2020) (英语).
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- ^ Norris handed five-place Turkish GP grid penalty for failing to respect yellow flags. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 14 November 2020 [15 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于15 November 2020) (英语).
- ^ Ennser, Gerd; Dean, Dennis; Warwick, Derek; Altayli, Fatih. Offence - Car 4 - Failure to respect yellow flags at turn 8 (PDF). FIA.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 14 November 2020 [15 November 2020]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于15 November 2020).
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- ^ McLaren keep themselves firmly in P3 battle. PlanetF1. Planet Sport Publishing. 15 November 2020 [16 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于17 November 2020) (英语).
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- ^ Lando Norris lacking confidence in Bahrain. PlanetF1. Planet Sport Publishing. 27 November 2020 [29 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于27 November 2020) (英语).
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- ^ 2020 Bahrain Grand Prix qualifying report: Lewis Hamilton on pole from Bottas as Red Bull lock out the second row in Bahrain. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 28 November 2020 [29 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于29 November 2020) (英语).
- ^ Hamilton wins dramatic race, Grosjean escapes fireball. PlanetF1. Planet Sport Publishing. 29 November 2020 [30 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于30 November 2020) (英语).
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- ^ Cooper, Adam. Drivers prepare for Bahrain's "bonkers" F1 outer circuit. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 26 November 2020 [4 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于1 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Piola, Giorgio; Somerfield, Matthew. Why indecision dogged F1 teams in attacking the Sakhir GP. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 8 December 2020 [9 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于9 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Sainz and Norris left baffled by lack of pace as reliability issues hit McLaren in Sakhir Friday practice. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 4 December 2020 [4 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于5 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Mixed fortunes for McLaren as Norris left frustrated by mistakes but Sainz "achieves maximum" with P8. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 5 December 2020 [6 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于7 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Noble, Jonathan. Norris says Sakhir F1 Q2 exit down to poor lap, poor timing. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 6 December 2020 [6 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于7 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Lando Norris: 'First big mistake I've made all year'. PlanetF1. Planet Sport Publishing. 5 December 2020 [6 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于7 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Smith, Luke. Norris to start Sakhir GP from back with engine penalty. Yahoo Sports Australia. Verizon Media. 7 December 2020 [7 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于7 December 2020) (澳大利亚英语).
- ^ Bradley, Charles. 2020 F1 Sakhir GP results, Perez wins after Mercedes pit blunder. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 7 December 2020 [7 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于7 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Cooper, Adam. McLaren: Safety car hurt "on the hunt" Sainz in Sakhir F1. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 8 December 2020 [9 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于9 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ 185.0 185.1 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix. McLaren Racing. McLaren Racing Ltd. 6 December 2020 [7 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于7 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Norris credits 'homework' for superb Sakhir GP start, but says McLaren lacked pace to move further forward. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 9 December 2020 [19 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于19 December 2020) (英语).
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- ^ Kalinauckas, Alex. Abu Dhabi GP: Max Verstappen beats Mercedes duo to pole. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 12 December 2020 [12 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于12 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Smith, Luke. Norris surprised by small gap to Abu Dhabi GP pole. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 13 December 2020 [13 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于12 December 2020) (英语).
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- ^ Larkam, Lewis. McLaren secure P3 in F1 championship as Sainz avoids penalty. Crash. Crash Media Group. 13 December 2020 [14 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于14 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Ladner, Ava. McLaren on the Rise, Finishes Third in the Standings. Frontstretch. 13 December 2020 [14 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于14 December 2020) (美国英语).
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- ^ Strategy debrief - presented by FxPro. McLaren Racing. McLaren Racing Ltd. 18 December 2020 [19 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于19 December 2020) (英语).
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- ^ 197.0 197.1 Barretto, Lawrence. How McLaren emerged as Mercedes and Red Bull's biggest threat – and why they could be a factor in 2021. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 29 December 2020 [29 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于29 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Youson 2021,第168页
- ^ Tremayne, David. McLaren have found their way again – and more good times may be just around the corner. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 17 December 2020 [18 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于18 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ Hughes, Mark. McLaren's last-gasp triumph vindicates its 2020 risks. The Race. 23 December 2020 [16 January 2021]. (原始内容存档于23 December 2020) (英国英语).
- ^ Wood, Ryan. McLaren MCL35M will be 'like a new car' despite stable regulations. Motorsport Week. Motorsport Media Services Ltd. 22 December 2020 [26 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于26 December 2020) (英国英语).
- ^ 202.0 202.1 Key, James. Key changes. McLaren Racing. McLaren Racing Ltd. 16 February 2021 [16 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 February 2021) (英语).
- ^ 203.0 203.1 203.2 MCL35M progress report. McLaren Racing. McLaren Racing Ltd. 25 January 2021 [27 January 2021]. (原始内容存档于27 January 2021) (英语).
- ^ Noble, Jonathan. McLaren: 2021 F1 car has "fresh ideas" despite limitations . Autosport. Motorsport Network. 15 February 2021 [15 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 February 2021) (英语).
- ^ Butcher, Lawrence. Dunn, Joe , 编. 2021 McLaren design changes: how it compares to last year's F1 car . Motor Sport. London: Motor Sport Magazine Limited. 15 February 2021 [19 April 2021]. ISSN 0027-2019. (原始内容存档于15 February 2021) (英国英语).
- ^ Smith, Luke. Mercedes engine makes 2021 McLaren "essentially a new car". Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 28 January 2021 [28 January 2021]. (原始内容存档于12 February 2021) (英语).
- ^ Noble, Jonathan. McLaren targeting improvement in two key areas in F1 2021. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 26 January 2021 [27 January 2021]. (原始内容存档于27 January 2021) (英语).
- ^ Boxall-Legge, Jake. Analysis of McLaren's 2021 F1 challenger, the MCL35M (video). Autosport. 15 February 2021 [15 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-17) (英语).
- ^ Wood, Ryan. McLaren's diffuser loophole raises eyebrows at F1 testing. Motorsport Week. Motorsport Media Services Ltd. 14 March 2021 [15 March 2021]. (原始内容存档于14 March 2021) (英国英语).
- ^ Sommerfield, Matt; Noble, Jonathan. McLaren's clever F1 diffuser trick on new car. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 14 March 2021 [15 March 2021]. (原始内容存档于14 March 2021) (英语).
- ^ Noble, Jonathan. McLaren 'surprised' F1 rivals didn't adopt diffuser trick. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 15 March 2021 [15 March 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 March 2021) (英语).
- ^ Hughes, Mark; Piola, Giorgio. TECH TUESDAY: Most improved, best 'bang for buck' and more – it's our 2021 star car awards. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 28 December 2021 [29 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-28) (英语).
- ^ Noble, Jonathan. McLaren explains lack of Mercedes branding on 2021 F1 car. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 16 February 2021 [15 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 February 2021) (英语).
- ^ No Mercedes branding on McLaren's MCL35M. PlanetF1. Planet Sport Publishing. 15 February 2021 [15 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 February 2021) (英语).
- ^ Smith, Luke. McLaren unveils MCL35M Formula 1 car ahead of 2021 season . Autosport. Motorsport Network. 15 February 2021 [15 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 February 2021) (英语).
- ^ McLaren to run one-off livery for Monaco Grand Prix, using iconic Gulf colour scheme. Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 16 May 2021 [17 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) (英语).
- ^ Noble, Jonathan. McLaren reveals special Gulf Oil F1 livery for Monaco GP. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 16 May 2021 [17 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021) (英语).
- ^ Collantine, Keith. Eight drivers reveal special Monaco Grand Prix helmets for 2021. RaceFans. 19 May 2021 [20 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于20 May 2021) (英国英语).
- ^ 219.0 219.1 Noble, Jonathan. McLaren to run tweaked F1 livery for Abu Dhabi GP . Autosport. Motorsport Network. 8 December 2021 [8 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-08) (英语).
- ^ Noble, Jonathan. McLaren downplays talk it can close Mercedes gap soon. Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. 14 December 2020 [22 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-22) (英语).
- ^ McLaren need 'some years' to close gap to Mercedes. PlanetF1. Planet Sport Publishing. 19 December 2020 [22 December 2020]. (原始内容存档于22 December 2020) (英语).
- ^ 'McLaren could finish P5 yet closer to Mercedes'. PlanetF1. Planet Sport Publishing. 11 February 2021 [11 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于12 February 2021) (英语).
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