反介入/區域拒止

反介入/區域拒止（英語：Anti-Access/Area Denial, A2/AD；日語：接近阻止・領域拒否），是指控制作戰環境的進出乃至整個環境的軍事戰略。^[2] 在早期定義中，反介入（Anti-Access, A2），是指運用遠程力量，防止敵方或他方部隊進入作戰區域的行動和能力。區域拒止（Area Denial, AD），則是以較短距離的行動和能力，限制敵方或他方部隊在作戰區域內的行動自由。^[3]^[4] 簡而言之，反介入阻攔他方部隊進入作戰區域動，而區域拒止是限制他方部隊在作戰區域內的移動。^[5] 反介入/區域拒止通常是弱勢方用來防禦較強對手的策略^[6]，但對手也能採取策略以「反介入/區域拒止」（A2/AD）。

美國

中國的反介入能力

2007年，蘭德公司提出「反介入／區域拒止」報告，分析中國對抗美軍的反介入能力。^[7]^[8] 美軍眼中，中國具有的「反介入／區域拒止」戰術武器，包含東風-21D導彈等，可用以拒止美軍進入太平洋^[9]。

批評

註腳

^ Giles, Keir; Boulegue, Mathieu. Russia's A2/AD Capabilities: Real and Imagined. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters. 2019, 49 (1): 21–36. S2CID 232333797. doi:10.55540/0031-1723.2860  .
^ Russell, Alison Lawlor. Historical Perspective of A2/AD Strategy. Strategic A2/AD in Cyberspace. 2017: 11–25 [2024-02-22]. ISBN 9781316817001. doi:10.1017/9781316817001.002. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-11）.
^ Krepinevich, Andrew; Watts, Barry; Work, Robert. Meeting the anti-access and area denial challenge (PDF). Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Washington, DC. 2003 [2024-02-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-05-23）.
^ Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC) (PDF). Department of Defense. 17 January 2012 [2024-02-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-08-10）.
^ Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2012 and the Future Years Defense Program. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 17 February 2011: 522 [2024-02-22]. （原始內容存檔於2024-02-22）.
^ Tangredi, Sam. Anti-access warfare: countering anti-access and area-denial strategies. 2013. ISBN 978-1-61251-187-0.
^ Cliff, Roger, Mark Burles, Michael S. Chase, Derek Eaton, and Kevin L. Pollpeter, Entering the Dragon's Lair: Chinese Antiaccess Strategies and Their Implications for the United States. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.
^ Cliff, Roger, Mark Burles, Michael S. Chase, Derek Eaton, and Kevin L. Pollpeter, China Could Use "Antiaccess" Strategies to Counter U.S. Military Superiority （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.
^ 應紹基. 中共「反介入」戰力的建構與美國的因應作為 (PDF). [2024-02-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-02-24）.

參見

空海整體戰

[giles2019-1] Giles, Keir; Boulegue, Mathieu. Russia's A2/AD Capabilities: Real and Imagined. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters. 2019, 49 (1): 21–36. S2CID 232333797. doi:10.55540/0031-1723.2860  .

[lawlor2017-2] Russell, Alison Lawlor. Historical Perspective of A2/AD Strategy. Strategic A2/AD in Cyberspace. 2017: 11–25 [2024-02-22]. ISBN 9781316817001. doi:10.1017/9781316817001.002. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-11）.

[watts2003-3] Krepinevich, Andrew; Watts, Barry; Work, Robert. Meeting the anti-access and area denial challenge (PDF). Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Washington, DC. 2003 [2024-02-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-05-23）.

[JOAC-4] Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC) (PDF). Department of Defense. 17 January 2012 [2024-02-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-08-10）.

[5] Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2012 and the Future Years Defense Program. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 17 February 2011: 522 [2024-02-22]. （原始內容存檔於2024-02-22）.

[tangredi2013-6] Tangredi, Sam. Anti-access warfare: countering anti-access and area-denial strategies. 2013. ISBN 978-1-61251-187-0.

[7] Cliff, Roger, Mark Burles, Michael S. Chase, Derek Eaton, and Kevin L. Pollpeter, Entering the Dragon's Lair: Chinese Antiaccess Strategies and Their Implications for the United States. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.

[8] Cliff, Roger, Mark Burles, Michael S. Chase, Derek Eaton, and Kevin L. Pollpeter, China Could Use "Antiaccess" Strategies to Counter U.S. Military Superiority （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.

[9] 應紹基. 中共「反介入」戰力的建構與美國的因應作為 (PDF). [2024-02-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-02-24）.

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