红线制度 (美国)
红线制度是美国境内的一种歧视性现象，美国有些金融机构拒绝为非白人（例如非裔美国人）聚居区居民提供金融服务。 [1][2][3]
20世纪60年代，社会学家约翰·麦克奈特（John McKnight ）提到芝加哥的银行根据种族成分对各个社区进行排名。某些社区被视为“危险”或不值得投资的社区。 [4] 20世纪80年代，调查记者比尔·戴德曼 (Bill Dedman)[5] ，指出亚特兰大的银行会向低收入的白人社区居民提供贷款，但不会向中等收入甚至高收入的黑人社区居民提供贷款。 [6][7]
参考文献
- ^ Locke, Dexter H.; Hall, Billy; Grove, J. Morgan; Pickett, Steward T. A.; Ogden, Laura A.; Aoki, Carissa; Boone, Christopher G.; O’Neil-Dunne, Jarlath P. M. Residential housing segregation and urban tree canopy in 37 US Cities. npj Urban Sustainability. 25 March 2021, 1 (1): 15. Bibcode:2021npjUS...1...15L. S2CID 232342980. doi:10.1038/s42949-021-00022-0
.
- ^ Perrino, Julia. Redlining and health indicators: Decisions made 80 years ago have health consequences today. National Community Reinvestment Coalition. 2020-07-02 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2024-07-13）.
- ^ Agyeman, Julian. How urban planning and housing policy helped create 'food apartheid' in US cities. The Conversation. March 9, 2021 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-09）.
- ^ IPR at 40 (PDF). Northwestern IPR. Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research. September 2018 [November 9, 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-10-29）.
- ^ Awards: Pulitzer Prizes Awarded to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2024-06-02）.
- ^ Dedman, Bill. The Color of Money (PDF). The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 1–4 May 1988. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于3 July 2021）.
- ^ Investigative Classics: 'The Color of Money,' on Housing Redlining, 1988. RealClearInvestigations. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-29）.
