偏執狂
偏執狂（paranoia，台湾又譯妄想狂）在醫學中是一種具有極度焦慮及恐懼特性的思考方式。且其經常是非理性的妄想。「Paranoia」一詞源自希臘文的「παράνοια」，大致的意思是「瘋狂」。過去這個字也用來表示各種妄想狀態。
| 偏執狂 Paranoia | |
|---|---|
| 症状 | Paranoid Behavior[*] |
| 类型 | 精神分裂症谱系障碍[*]、神经系统症状[*] |
| 分类和外部资源 | |
| 醫學專科 | 精神医学、心理學、心理治療 |
| ICD-10 | F20.0, F22.0, F22.8 |
| ICD-9-CM | 295.3, 297.1, 297.2 |
偏執狂與恐懼症的差別在於恐懼症對於各種事物的非理性及永久性恐懼，通常是沒有理由的。而偏執狂通常是害怕他人有目的的行為。
參考文獻
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR: Fourth edition Text Revision) (2000) [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Abu-Akel, A.; Abushua’leh, K. 'Theory of mind' in violent and nonviolent patients with paranoid schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research (Elsevier B.V). 2004, 69 (1): 45–53. PMID 15145470. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00049-5.
- Barrowclough, C.; Tarrier, N.; Humphreys, L.; Ward, J.; Gregg, L.; Andrews, B. Self-Esteem in Schizophrenia: Relationships Between Self-Evaluation, Family Attitudes, and Symptomatology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology (American Psychological Association). 2003, 112 (1): 92–99. PMID 12653417. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.112.1.92.
- Bentall, R.P.; Taylor, J.L. Psychological Processes and Paranoia: Implications for Forensic Behavioural Science. Behavioral Sciences and the Law (Wiley InterScience). 2006, 24 (3): 277–294 [April 4, 2014]. PMID 16773623. doi:10.1002/bsl.718.
- Bjorkly, S. Psychotic symptoms and violence toward others — a literature review of some preliminary findings Part 1. Delusions. Aggression and Violent Behavior (Elsevier Ltd). 2002, 7 (6): 617–631. doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(01)00049-0.
- Capgras, J.; Reboul-Lachaux, J. Illusion des " sosies " dans un délire systématisé chronique. History of Psychiatry (Sage Publications). 1923, 5 (119): 119–133 [8 April 2014]. doi:10.1177/0957154X9400501709.
- Deutsch, Albert(ed); Fishman, Helen(ed). The encyclopedia of mental health, Vol IV. The Encyclopedia of Mental Health IV. New York, NY, US: Franklin Watts: 1407–1420. 1963 [April 4, 2014]. doi:10.1037/11547-024.
|chapter=被忽略 (帮助) - Ellis, H.D.; Young, A.W. Accounting for Delusional Misidentifications. The British Journal of Psychiatry (Royal College of Psychiatrists). 1990, 157 (2): 239–248 [8 April 2014]. PMID 2224375. doi:10.1192/bjp.157.2.239. （原始内容存档于2014-04-10）.
- Freeman, D.; Garety, P.A.; Bebbington, P.E.; Smith, B.; Rollinson, R.; Fowler, D.; Kuipers, E.; Ray, K.; Dunn, G. Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population (PDF). The British Journal of Psychiatry (The Royal College of Psychiatrists). 2005, 186 (5): 427–435 [March 26, 2014]. doi:10.1192/bjp.186.5.427. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）.
- Freeman, D.; Garety, P.A.; Fowler, D.; Kuipers, E.; Bebbington, P.E.; Dunn, G. Why Do People With Delusions Fail to Choose More Realistic Explanations for Their Experiences? An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (American Psychological Association). 2004, 72 (4): 671–680. PMID 15301652. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.4.671.
- McKenna, P.J. Schizophrenia and Related Syndromes. Great Britain: Psychology Press. 1997 [2017-01-31]. ISBN 978-0-86377-790-5. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14）.
- Mirowski, J.; Ross, C.E. Paranoia and the Structure of Powerlessness 48 (2). American Sociological Association: 228–239. 1983. JSTOR 2095107.
- Phelan, Michael; Wright, Padraig; Stern, Julian. Core psychiatry. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2000. ISBN 0-7020-2490-2.
- Wessely, S.; Buchanan, A.; Reed, A.; Cutting, J.; Everitt, B.; Garety, P.; Taylor, P.J. Acting on Delusions. I: Prevalence. The British Journal of Psychiatry (The Royal College of Psychiatrists). 1993, 163: 69–76. PMID 8353703. doi:10.1192/bjp.163.1.69.
延伸閱讀
- Arnold, K. & Vakhrusheva, J. Resist the negation reflex: Minimizing reactance in psychotherapy of delusions (PDF). Psychosis. 2015 [2017-01-31]. doi:10.1080/17522439.2015.1095229. （原始内容存档于2020-02-23）.
- Canneti, Elias (1962). Crowds and Power. Translated from the German by Carol Stewart. Gollancz, London. 1962.
- Deutsch, Albert; Fishman, Helen (编). The encyclopedia of mental health, Vol IV. The Encyclopedia of Mental Health IV. New York, NY, US: Franklin Watts: 1407–1420. 1963 [2014-04-04]. doi:10.1037/11547-024.
|chapter=被忽略 (帮助) - Farrell, John (2006). Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau. Cornell University Press.
- Freeman, D. & Garety, P. A. (2004). Paranoia: The Psychology of Persecutory Delusions. Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 1-84169-522-X
- Igmade (Stephan Trüby et al., eds.), 5 Codes: Architecture, Paranoia and Risk in Times of Terror, Birkhäuser 2006. ISBN 3-7643-7598-1
- Kantor, Martin (2004). Understanding Paranoia: A Guide for Professionals, Families, and Sufferers. Westport: Praeger Press. ISBN 0-275-98152-5
- Munro, A. (1999). Delusional disorder. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58180-X
- Mura, Andrea. National Finitude and the Paranoid Style of the One. Contemporary Political Theory. 2016, 15: 58–79 [2017-01-31]. doi:10.1057/cpt.2015.23. （原始内容存档于2018-06-08）.
- Sant, P. (2005). Delusional disorder. Punjab: Panjab University Chandigarh. ISBN 0-521-58180-X
- Sims, A. (2002). Symptoms in the mind: An introduction to descriptive psychopathology (3rd edition). Edinburgh: Elsevier Science Ltd. ISBN 0-7020-2627-1
- Siegel, Ronald K. Whispers: The Voices of Paranoia. New York: Crown. 1994. ISBN 0-684-80285-6.