圖書館:All_Lives_Matter

{{NoteTA

|G1=People |G2=Show }} {{roughtranslation}}

2017年6月4日美國俄勒岡州波特蘭市一場集會中的「All Lives Matter」標語。

All Lives Matter,字面意思為大家的命都是命[1],是批評Black Lives Matter(黑人的命也是命)運動的口號[2]

支持者

支持All Lives Matter的知名人士包括非裔美國人參議員蒂姆·斯科特[3]及美國橄欖球運動員{{le|理察·謝爾曼|Richard Sherman (American football)}}[4],其中謝爾曼曾發文表示:「我支持『大家的命都是命』,因為我們都是人類[5]。」2015年6月,民主黨總統候選人希拉蕊·柯林頓在密蘇里州一所非裔美國人教堂舉行競選活動,在講話中使用「大家的命都是命」,招來批評[6]。美國話題說唱歌手XXXTentacion在其金曲《{{tsl|en|Look at Me (XXXTentacion song)|Look at Me|Look At Me!}}》的音樂錄影帶中表達對「大家的命都是命」運動的支持,遭受批評。影片中,身為黑人的他吊死了一位白人小孩。面對爭議,他說影片的目的是表示「你無法否認我殺了一個小孩......我只是想說兇手就是兇手」。而他另一首歌曲《Riot》也批評了參與Black Lives Matter運動的暴力示威者[7]

本·卡森也是「大家的命都是命」的支持者,強烈反對Black Lives Matter運動[8]。參議員蘭德·保羅認為Black Lives Matter「搞錯了目標」:「我們認為他們可能想給自己換個名字——如果他們叫「大家的命都是命」,或是無辜者的命也是命的話」[9]。2016年,時任共和黨總統候選人唐納·川普認為「黑人的命也是命」是帶有分裂性質的術語,本質上就是種族主義表達[10]

話題性民調機構拉斯穆森報導發現,78%受訪美國人表示「大家的命都是命」比「黑人的命也是命」更接近他們的想法,只有11%受訪者認為「黑人的命也是命」接近他們的信仰。9%的人認為兩者都無法體現他們的立場[11]

2016年美國職棒大聯盟全明星賽的表演上,{{le|男高音三巨頭|The Tenors}}的成員雷米吉奧·佩雷拉({{lang|en|Remigio Pereira}})高舉「大家的命都是命」標語,並把加拿大國歌《啊,加拿大》的歌詞改為「我們都是兄弟姐妹,所有人的命都很重要」({{lang|en|"We're all brothers and sisters. All lives matter to the great"}}),而不是原版的「心懷赤誠,看您崛起,真北之邦自由強壯!」。佩雷拉回應批評時認為:「我為人類和蒼生發聲。所有人在愛、和平與和諧中生活,一直是我的目標」[12]

達拉斯的「黑人的命也是命」和「大家的命都是命」的活動人士在一次吵架時擁抱,其中一位抗議者在美國有線電視新聞網的畫面中表示「這就是破除藩籬的方式」[13]

2016年10月2日,國家橄欖球聯盟芝加哥熊的一名穿著大猩猩服裝,恤衫前面寫著「大家的命都是命」的粉絲於第4節沖入球場,這一幕被電視轉播鏡頭拍到[14]

2020年5月31日,NBA沙加緬度國王電視評述Grant Napear接受電台訪問時以「All Lives Matter」回應,但正值喬治·弗洛伊德之死引發的示威活動舉行中,此話亦被沙加緬度國王球員質疑。相隔兩天後他被NBC加州體育台革職。

批評

 
反唐納·川普抗議運動上的標語:「『大家的命都是命』到底怎麼回事』?」

{{tsl|en|David Theo Goldberg|大衛·西奧·戈德堡}}教授認為,「大家的命都是命」反映出「種族輕蔑、無視和否認」。在《馬赫脫口秀》中,標·馬艾支持「黑人的命也是命」運動,認為「大家的命都是命」表示所有人的性命面對相同的風險,但事實並非如此[15]。「黑人的命也是命」運動的創始人認為「大家的命都是命」有排他性:「『黑人的命也是命』不是說你的命不重要,而是說在白人至上主義的價值觀中沒有存在感的黑人性命對於你的解放很重要」[16]

在接受{{le|蘿拉·弗拉德斯|Laura Flanders}}視頻採訪時,「黑人的命也是命」運動的聯合創始人{{le|艾莉西亞·加爾薩|Alicia Garza}}認為,將「黑人的命也是命」改成「大家的命都是命」展示出黑人並不真正理解國家的{{le|社會種族主義|Societal racism|結構性種族主義}},其他人的生命比黑人的生命更有價值,但將黑人從這個等式中剔除是不合適的[17]

時任美國總統貝拉克·歐巴馬曾就「黑人的命也是命」和「大家的命都是命」之間的辯論發表看法[18],認為:「我覺得組織者們利用『黑人的命也是命』這個詞,不僅因為他們認為其他人的命也很重要,而且也說明他們覺得這個特別的問題發生在非裔美國人群體,而不是其他群體中」。他也表示「有個法律問題我們需要解決」[19]

2016年7月,《今日美國》總結了哥倫比亞大學社會學教授卡拉·謝德({{lang|en|Carla Shedd}})的觀點,表示「『大家的命都是命』事實上可被解釋為種族主義」。{{le|喬·費金|Joe Feagin}}教授也表示,白人說「大家的命都是命」來排擠「黑人的命也是命」運動,而「黑人的命也是命」運動已經在說「所有人的自由和正義」。該報道也指出,部分曾在推特用#AllLivesMatter標籤發推特的名人已經刪除了相關推文並道歉,包括珍妮弗·洛佩茲和{{le|費蒂·瓦普|Fetty Wap}}。瓦普說他沒有完全理解該標籤的意義[20]。報道還提到漫畫家{{le|克里斯·斯特勞布|Kris Straub}}用「所有的房子都重要」({{lang|en|All Houses Matter}})標籤發表了一批房子著火的漫畫,表示他對「大家的命都是命」的抗議[21]

Facebook塗鴉事件

2016年2月24日,Facebook總裁馬克·扎克伯格向全公司員工發表了一份內部備忘錄,嚴厲譴責劃掉公司牆「黑人的命也是命」手寫標語,在旁邊寫上「大家的命都是命」的員工。Facebook允許員工在公司牆上自由寫下想法和標語。多位員工事後披露了備忘錄。由於扎克伯格之前在公司會議中譴責了這種行為,加上公司的其他領導也有類似的請求,扎克伯格在備忘錄中認為這種改寫的做法做法不僅無禮,而且「惡意滿滿」[22]。他在備忘錄中表示,「黑人的命也是命」運動並不是說其他人的性命不重要,而是黑人社群希望實現他們應得的正義的表達。備忘錄也指出,將某種東西劃掉的行為,就其本身意義來說,「意味著將那種聲音消音,或者表明一個人的話比另一個人更重要」[23][24][25]

參見

  • {{tsl|en|Blue Lives Matter|警察的命也是命}}

參考資料

{{reflist|30em}}

Category:2010年代爭議 Category:2020年代爭議 Category:主題標籤 Category:美國種族爭議 Category:美國種族與犯罪 Category:2010年代美國 Category:口號 Category:美國政治口號

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