2019年巴拉科特空襲
2019年巴拉科特空襲發生於2019年2月26日。印度空軍12架幻影2000H噴氣式飛機越過克什米爾的印巴停火線,對其宣稱的巴基斯坦境內的恐怖分子訓練營進行空襲。[8]空襲是對兩周前發生的印度普而瓦馬襲擊的報復。[9][10] 印度政府表示,這是「基於可靠情報的先發制人式的非軍事空襲」,JeM計劃對印度進行另一次襲擊。
2019年巴拉科特空襲 | ||||||||
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2019年印巴武裝衝突的一部分 | ||||||||
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參戰方 | ||||||||
穆罕默德軍 | ||||||||
指揮官與領導者 | ||||||||
Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa (CAS) Air Marshal Chandrashekharan Hari Kumar (AOC-in-C, Western Air Command)[5] |
Maulana Yousuf Azhar (印度宣稱)[6] | Air Chief Marshal Mujahid Anwar Khan | ||||||
參戰單位 | ||||||||
Western Air Command[7][5] | 未知 | |||||||
兵力 | ||||||||
12架幻影2000戰鬥機[7] | 未知 | |||||||
傷亡與損失 | ||||||||
未知 |
據印度方面宣稱,戰機襲擊了傑什-穆罕默德軍運營的軍營,殺傷了大量的武裝分子,並毫髮無傷地返回印度領空,沒有遭到巴基斯坦空軍的攔截。[10][11]巴基斯坦確認印度侵犯了在穆扎法拉巴德附近的領空,但不承認了印度是空襲其據稱的恐怖分子軍營的說法。[8]巴基斯坦聲稱,無線電干擾迫使印度戰機在空地和森林中匆忙投下其航彈,沒有造成人員傷亡或基礎設施損壞。[12][13]
事件發生之後,印度和巴基斯坦軍隊在停火線附近相互炮擊。
據報道,巴基斯坦有4名平民因炮擊死亡,11人因炮擊而受傷。[14]
本次空襲是自1971年印巴戰爭以來,印度空軍戰機第一次越過印巴停火線。
這是自兩國都成為核武器擁有國以來的第一次該類事件。[15][a]
據路透社報道,高解析度衛星圖像顯示Madrasa建築仍然立在空襲的現場,建築上沒有明顯的破壞。[17]
根據「經濟時報」的報道,「這些圖像進一步質疑印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)政府所發表的聲明,即襲擊事件已經襲擊了Madrasa的所有目標。」[18]
事件背景
克什米爾叛亂活動自1989年以來一直在發生,但在2016年爆發了新一波暴力事件,致使Burhan Wani(時任真主穆斯林游擊隊的指揮官)在一次遭遇戰中喪生。[19]整個2018年,在暴力事件中有500多人(包括平民、士兵和武裝分子)喪生。[19]
2019年2月14日,在查謨斯利那加國家高速公路公路上運送保安人員的車隊在印度查謨和克什米爾的普爾瓦馬縣的Lethpora遭到自殺式車載炸彈襲擊。這次襲擊導致46名中央後備警察部隊人員以及襲擊者死亡。襲擊者來自印度管理的克什米爾。[20]巴基斯坦的伊斯蘭激進組織穆罕默德軍(JeM)聲稱對這次襲擊負責。[21][22][23]巴基斯坦譴責該次襲擊,並否認與此有任何聯繫。[24]
空襲發生在2019年印度大選之前。[25][26]2月19日,巴基斯坦總理將印度政府的動機歸咎於即將舉行的選舉。[27][28]印度政府否認了這一指控。[27]
注釋
- ^ India became a nuclear power with successful Smiling Buddha operation in 1974 and Pakistan's successful operation of Chagai-I took place in 1998.[16]
參考文獻
- ^ India destroys JeM terror camps: Where exactly is Balakot?. Business Today. [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-15).
- ^ India-Pakistan tension: Where is the real Balakot, the Indian Air Force target?. Gulf News. [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-26) (英語).
- ^ 5-star Balakot Camp Was Sitting Duck Target for IAF, 350 Terrorists Killed While Sleeping: Sources. [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-26).
- ^ Balakot strike after intel on Pulwama ‘celebration’ meet. [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-15).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Kerala man behind IAF air strike in Pakistan. MyNation. [27 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-28).
- ^ Jaish chief Masood Azhar’s brother-in-law was target of IAF strike in Balakot. Hindustan Times. [27 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-26).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 IAF Western Air Command coordinated 'anti-terror operation'. The New Indian Express. [27 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-28).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 路透社稱,巴基斯坦拒絕接受印度關於「恐怖陣營」的評論,空襲造成高死亡人數 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- ^ Joanna Slater, Pamela Constable. Pakistan captures Indian pilot after shooting down aircraft, escalating hostilities. The Washington Post. 27 February 2019 [2019-03-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-27) (英語).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 India Hits Main Jaish Camp In Balakot, "Non-Military" Strike: Government. NDTV.com. [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-27).
- ^ Indian jets bomb targets within Pakistan. News.com.au. [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-26).
- ^ Indian aircraft violate LoC, scramble back after PAF's timely response: ISPR. Dawn. 26 February 2019 [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-26) (英語).
- ^ India says carried out air strike on 'terror camps' inside Pakistan. Reuters. 26 February 2019 [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-26) (英語).
- ^ Naqash, Tariq. 4 AJK civilians dead, 11 wounded in 'indiscriminate' Indian shelling across LoC. DAWN.COM. 27 February 2019 [2019-03-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-27).
- ^ India airstrike in Pakistan: IAF crosses LoC first time since 1971 war. India Today. 26 February 2019 [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-03-19).
- ^ Teh-Kuang Chang; Angelin Chang; Brent T. Gerchicoff. Routledge Handbook of Asia in World Politics. Routledge. 2017 [2019-03-08]. ISBN 1317404262. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-11).
- ^ Howell, Martin; Doyle, Gerry; Scarr, Simon. Satellite images show madrasa buildings still standing at scene of Indian bombing. Reuters (New Delhi/Singapore). March 6, 2019 [March 6, 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-07).
- ^ Satellite images reviewed by Reuters tell a different story. indiatimes.com. "The Economic Times". [2019-03-06]. (原始內容存檔於2019-04-01).
- ^ 19.0 19.1 克什米爾:為什麼印度和巴基斯坦爭奪它 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館),BBC新聞
- ^ India Blames Pakistan for Attack in Kashmir, Promising a Response (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), New York Times. Feb 15, 2019. Quote:The militant who claimed responsibility for the attack, Aadil Ahmad Dar, was from a village about six miles from where the Indian convoy was struck, in contrast to the fighters and weapons that once streamed in from Pakistani-occupied areas to sustain the insurgency. And the explosives he packed into his car appear to have been locally procured, security experts said.
- ^ Pulwama attack: India will 'completely isolate' Pakistan. BBC. 16 February 2019 [16 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-15) (英語).
- ^ Jaish terrorists attack CRPF convoy in Kashmir, kill at least 38 personnel. The Times of India. 15 February 2019 [15 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-15). 參數
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) (幫助) - ^ Pulwama Attack 2019, everything about J&K terror attack on CRPF by terrorist Adil Ahmed Dar, Jaish-eMohammad (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), India Today, 16 February 2019.
- ^ On Kashmir attack, Shah Mahmood Qureshi says 'violence is not the govt's policy'. DAWN.COM. 16 February 2019 [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-23).
- ^ 印度和巴基斯坦之間的緊張關係處於十年來的最高點。這是什麼知道 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館),時間。
- ^ CNN, Analysis by Nikhil Kumar. Why being seen as tough on Pakistan helps India's Modi. CNN. [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-26).
- ^ 27.0 27.1 Pakistan warns India against attacking. 19 February 2019 [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-23) –透過www.bbc.com.
- ^ Dawn.com. Pakistan will address actionable evidence if shared by Delhi, PM Khan tells India after Pulwama attack. DAWN.COM. 19 February 2019 [26 February 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-24).