雅庫扎
日本傳統犯罪組織
此條目需要擴充。 (2014年12月15日) |
雅庫扎(ヤクザ Yakuza),又稱極道(日語:極道/ごくどう Gokudō),指日本社會裡從事暴力或有組織犯罪活動的人士或團體。「雅庫扎」這一俗稱來自日本紙牌遊戲花札(玩法一說是「おいちょかぶ」)的一個最壞組合「八九三」(ヤクザ),或說是指鄉里仲裁糾紛的單位「役座」(ヤクザ)而來(因江湖人士總處於糾紛之中)。
創建時間 | 17世紀 (可能起源於「傾奇者」) |
---|---|
成員人數 | 25,900人[1] |
犯罪活動 | 犯罪活動及/或經營非法企業 |
知名成員 | 主要指定暴力團 |
流行文化
- 《人中之龍系列》
註釋
- ^ Submission, Internal. Coronavirus pandemic hits Japan's feared Yakuza in the pocket. Telegraph. 13 April 2021 [2021-12-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-04).
參考文獻
- Bruno, A. (2007). "The Yakuza, the Japanese Mafia" CrimeLibrary: Time Warner
- Kaplan, David, Dubro Alec. (1986). Yakuza Addison-Wesley (ISBN 0-201-11151-9)
- Kaplan, David, Dubro Alec. (2003). Yakuza: Expanded Edition University of California Press (ISBN 0-520-21562-1)
- Hill, Peter B.E. (2003). The Japanese Mafia: Yakuza, Law, and the State Oxford University Press (ISBN 0-19-925752-3)
- Johnson, David T. (2001). The Japanese Way of Justice: Prosecuting Crime in Japan Oxford University Press (ISBN 0-19-511986-X)
- Miyazaki, Manabu. (2005) Toppamono: Outlaw. Radical. Suspect. My Life in Japan's Underworld Kotan Publishing (ISBN 0-9701716-2-5)
- Seymour, Christopher. (1996). Yakuza Diary Atlantic Monthly Press (ISBN 0-87113-604-X)
- Saga, Junichi., Bester, John. (1991) Confessions of a Yakuza: A Life in Japan's Underworld Kodansha America
- Schilling, Mark. (2003). The Yakuza Movie Book Stone Bridge Press (ISBN 1-880656-76-0)
- Sterling, Claire. (1994). Thieves' World Simon & Schuster (ISBN 0-671-74997-8)
- Sho Fumimura (Writer), Ryoichi Ikegami (Artist). (Series 1993-1997) "Sanctuary" Viz Communications Inc (Vol 1: ISBN 0-929279-97-2; Vol 2:ISBN 0-929279-99-9; Vol 3: ISBN 1-56931-042-4; Vol 4: ISBN 1-56931-039-4; Vol 5: ISBN 1-56931-112-9; Vol 6: ISBN 1-56931-199-4; Vol 7: ISBN 1-56931-184-6; Vol 8: ISBN 1-56931-207-9; Vol 9: ISBN 1-56931-235-4)
- Tendo, Shoko (2007). Yakuza Moon: Memoirs of a Gangster's Daughter Kodansha International [1] (ISBN 978-4-7700-3042-9)
- Young Yakuza. Dir. Jean-Pierre Limosin. Cinema Epoch, 2007.
- The 6th Yamaguchi-gumi Inheritance
- The 3rd Inagawa-kai Inheritance
- http://www.7guns-b206.de (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) Yakuza Shop
- The 7th Sumiyoshi-kai Inheritance
- Blood ties: Yakuza daughter lifts lid on hidden hell of gangsters' families (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Crime Library: Yakuza
- Yakuza slang
- Yakuza hair style
- Japanese Mayor Shot Dead (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館); CBS News, 17 April 2007
- Yakuza: The Japanese Mafia (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "The "Underworld" Goes Underground: Yakuza in Japanese Politics"