鉀的同位素
维基媒体列表条目
鉀（原子質量單位：39.0983(1)）共有28個同位素，其中有2個是穩定的。
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
圖表
| 符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量（u） [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2][n 3] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 4][n 5] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 （莫耳分率）[3][n 2] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 激發能量[n 2] | |||||||||
| 31 K[4][5] |
19 | 12 | <10 ps | 3p | 28S | ||||
| 34K[6] | 19 | 15 | 33.998404(18) | p | 33Ar | ||||
| 35K | 19 | 16 | 34.988010(21) | 178(8) ms | β+ (99.63%) | 35Ar | 3/2+ | ||
| β+, p (.37%) | 34Cl | ||||||||
| 36K | 19 | 17 | 35.981292(8) | 342(2) ms | β+ (99.94%) | 36Ar | 2+ | ||
| β+, p (.048%) | 35Cl | ||||||||
| β+, α (.012%) | 32S | ||||||||
| 37K | 19 | 18 | 36.97337589(10) | 1.226(7) s | β+ | 37Ar | 3/2+ | ||
| 38K | 19 | 19 | 37.9690812(5) | 7.636(18) min | β+ | 38Ar | 3+ | ||
| 38m1K | 130.50(28) keV | 924.2(3) ms | 0+ | ||||||
| 38m2K | 3458.0(2) keV | 21.98(11) µs | (7+),(5+) | ||||||
| 39 K |
19 | 20 | 38.96370668(20) | 穩定 | 3/2+ | 0.932581(44) | |||
| 40 K [n 6][n 7] |
19 | 21 | 39.96399848(21) | 1.248(3)×109 y | β− (89.28%) | 40Ca | 4 | 1.17(1)×10−4 | |
| EC (10.72%) | 40Ar | ||||||||
| β+ (0.001%)[7] | |||||||||
| 40mK | 1643.639(11) keV | 336(12) ns | 0+ | ||||||
| 41K | 19 | 22 | 40.96182576(21) | 穩定 | 3/2+ | 0.067302(44) | |||
| 42K | 19 | 23 | 41.96240281(24) | 12.360(12) h | β− | 42Ca | 2 | ||
| 43K | 19 | 24 | 42.960716(10) | 22.3(1) h | β− | 43Ca | 3/2+ | ||
| 44K | 19 | 25 | 43.96156(4) | 22.13(19) min | β− | 44Ca | 2− | ||
| 45K | 19 | 26 | 44.960699(11) | 17.3(6) min | β− | 45Ca | 3/2+ | ||
| 46K | 19 | 27 | 45.961977(17) | 105(10) s | β− | 46Ca | 2(−) | ||
| 47K | 19 | 28 | 46.961678(9) | 17.50(24) s | β− | 47Ca | 1/2+ | ||
| 48K | 19 | 29 | 47.965514(26) | 6.8(2) s | β− (98.86%) | 48Ca | (2−) | ||
| β−, n (1.14%) | 47Ca | ||||||||
| 49K | 19 | 30 | 48.96745(8) | 1.26(5) s | β−, n (86%) | 48Ca | (3/2+) | ||
| β− (14%) | 49Ca | ||||||||
| 50K | 19 | 31 | 49.97278(30) | 472(4) ms | β− (71%) | 50Ca | (0−,1,2−) | ||
| β−, n (29%) | 49Ca | ||||||||
| 51K | 19 | 32 | 50.97638(54)# | 365(5) ms | β− (53%) | 51Ca | 3/2+# | ||
| β−, n (47%) | 50Ca | ||||||||
| 52K | 19 | 33 | 51.98261(75)# | 105(5) ms | β−, n (64%) | 51Ca | (2−)# | ||
| β−, 2n (21%) | 50Ca | ||||||||
| β− (15%) | 52Ca | ||||||||
| 53K | 19 | 34 | 52.98712(75)# | 30(5) ms | β−, n (67%) | 52Ca | (3/2+)# | ||
| β−, 2n (17%) | 51Ca | ||||||||
| β− (16%) | 53Ca | ||||||||
| 54K | 19 | 35 | 53.99420(97)# | 10(5) ms | β− (>99.9%) | 54Ca | 2−# | ||
| β−, n (<.1%) | 53Ca | ||||||||
| 55K | 19 | 36 | 54.99971(107)# | 3# ms | β− | 55Ca | 3/2+# | ||
| β−, n | 54Ca | ||||||||
| 56K | 19 | 37 | 56.00851(86)# | 1# ms | β− | 56Ca | 2−# | ||
| β−, n | 55Ca | ||||||||
| 57K[8][9] | 19 | 38 | β− | 57Ca | |||||
| 59K[9][n 8] | 19 | 40 | β− | 59Ca | |||||
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，僅為理論推測。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
- ^ 半衰期超過5億年的同位素以粗體表示。
- ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
- ^ 半衰期超過5億年的衰變產物以粗斜體表示。
- ^ 用於鉀－氬年代測定法
- ^ 原始放射性核素
- ^ 未確認的同位素
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 氬的同位素 | 鉀的同位素 | 鈣的同位素 |
參考文獻
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英語）.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-19）.
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ A peculiar atom shakes up assumptions of nuclear structure. Nature. 6 September 2019, 573 (7773): 167. Bibcode:2019Natur.573T.167.. PMID 31506620. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02655-9
.
- ^ Kostyleva, D.; et al. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope 31K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (9): 092502. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123i2502K. PMID 31524489. S2CID 159041565. arXiv:1905.08154 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.092502.
- ^ Dronchi, N.; Charity, R. J.; Sobotka, L. G.; Brown, B. A.; Weisshaar, D.; Gade, A.; Brown, K. W.; Reviol, W.; Bazin, D.; Farris, P. J.; Hill, A. M.; Li, J.; Longfellow, B.; Rhodes, D.; Paneru, S. N.; Gillespie, S. A.; Anthony, A. K.; Rubino, E.; Biswas, S. Evolution of shell gaps in the neutron-poor calcium region from invariant-mass spectroscopy of 37,38Sc, 35Ca, and 34K. Physical Review C. 2024-09-12, 110 (3). ISSN 2469-9985. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.L031302.
- ^ Engelkemeir, D. W.; Flynn, K. F.; Glendenin, L. E. Positron Emission in the Decay of K40. Physical Review. 1962, 126 (5): 1818 [2015-09-11]. Bibcode:1962PhRv..126.1818E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818. （原始內容存檔於2019-07-01）.
- ^ Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148. arXiv:1901.07632 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Tarasov, O.B. Production of very neutron rich isotopes: What should we know?. 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-02）.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.