腺苷脫氨酶

腺苷脫氨酶（英語：Adenosine deaminase）的是一種參與嘌呤代謝作用的酶。它是用作拆解食物組織中的核酸中的腺苷。在人體中，它主要參與了免疫細胞的製造。若該酶突變，會造成T細胞、B細胞及自然殺手細胞皆無法表現的嚴重複合型免疫缺乏症(SCID)。

腺苷脫氨酶
牛腺苷脫氨酶的絲帶圖。可見中央的鋅離子。來自PDB 1VFL
有效結構 PDB 直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查詢代碼列表 1M7M, 3IAR
標識
代號	ADA;
擴展標識	遺傳學：608958 鼠基因：87916 同源基因：37249 GeneCards: ADA Gene
EC編號	3.5.4.4
基因本體論描述 分子功能 · purine nucleoside binding · adenosine deaminase activity · adenosine deaminase activity · adenosine deaminase activity · protein binding · zinc ion binding · zinc ion binding · hydrolase activity · metal ion binding 細胞成分 · extracellular space · cytoplasm · lysosome · cytosol · plasma membrane · external side of plasma membrane · cell surface · membrane · cell junction · cytoplasmic vesicle · dendrite cytoplasm · neuronal cell body · cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen 生物過程 · response to hypoxia · in utero embryonic development · trophectodermal cell differentiation · liver development · placenta development · germinal center B cell differentiation · positive regulation of germinal center formation · negative regulation of leukocyte migration · negative regulation of mature B cell apoptosis · purine base metabolic process · adenosine catabolic process · adenosine catabolic process · deoxyadenosine catabolic process · cell adhesion · aging · nucleotide metabolic process · purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process · positive regulation of heart rate · positive regulation of B cell proliferation · purine nucleotide salvage · positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus · regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin · T cell activation · response to hydrogen peroxide · negative regulation of apoptosis · purine-containing compound salvage · regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep · positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction · dATP catabolic process · hypoxanthine biosynthetic process · inosine biosynthetic process · inosine biosynthetic process · xanthine biosynthetic process · positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation · lung alveolus development · Peyer's patch development · embryonic digestive tract development · negative regulation of inflammatory response · positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling · positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway · nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process · negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway · negative regulation of penile erection · negative regulation of thymocyte apoptosis · negative regulation of mucus secretion Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
更多表達數據
直系同源體
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	100	11486
Ensembl	ENSG00000196839	ENSMUSG00000017697
UniProt	P00813	Q4FJZ7
mRNA序列	NM_000022.2	NM_007398.3
蛋白序列	NP_000013.2	NP_031424.1
基因位置	Chr 20: 43.25 – 43.28 Mb	Chr 2: 163.55 – 163.58 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]	[2]

Adenosine/AMP deaminase
crystal structure of plasmodium yoelii adenosine deaminase (py02076)
鑑定
標誌	A_deaminase
Pfam	PF00962（舊版）
Pfam宗系	CL0034（舊版）
InterPro	IPR001365
PROSITE	PDOC00419
SCOP	1add / SUPFAM
現有可用的蛋白結構： Pfam 結構（舊版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum 結構概要

Adenosine deaminase (editase) domain
鑑定
標誌	A_deamin
Pfam	PF02137（舊版）
InterPro	IPR002466
PROSITE	PDOC00419
SCOP	1add / SUPFAM
現有可用的蛋白結構： Pfam 結構（舊版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum 結構概要

Adenosine/AMP deaminase N-terminal
鑑定
標誌	A_deaminase_N
Pfam	PF08451（舊版）
InterPro	IPR013659
現有可用的蛋白結構： Pfam 結構（舊版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum 結構概要

反應

腺苷脫氨酶對腺苷進行不可逆轉的脫氨作用，轉化腺苷為相關的核苷肌苷，移除胺基酸組。

病理學

腺苷脫氨酶的突變基因使之不容易被表達，這是一些嚴重複合型免疫缺乏症(SCID)的原因。基因突變令ADA被過度產生是溶血性貧血原因之一。有一些證據表明，一個不同的等位基因(ADA2)可能會導致自閉症。

ADA活性異常與多種疾病相關，如當人體發生結核桿菌侵襲時，人體主要啓動細胞免疫，T淋巴細胞和單核巨噬細胞被分枝桿菌激活可引起ADA的活性增強，且間皮細胞吞噬分枝桿菌後產生的特異性細胞因子亦誘導ADA的活性增強。

深入閱讀

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• Franco R, Casadó V, Ciruela F; et al. Cell surface adenosine deaminase: much more than an ectoenzyme. Prog. Neurobiol. 1997, 52 (4): 283–94. PMID 9247966. doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00013-0.  引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
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• Orkin SH, Goff SC, Kelley WN, Daddona PE. Transient expression of human adenosine deaminase cDNAs: identification of a nonfunctional clone resulting from a single amino acid substitution. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1985, 5 (4): 762–7. PMC 366780 . PMID 3838797. 
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• Daddona PE, Shewach DS, Kelley WN; et al. Human adenosine deaminase. cDNA and complete primary amino acid sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 1984, 259 (19): 12101–6. PMID 6090454.  引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
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