義大利戰線 (第一次世界大戰)

義大利戰線
	第一次世界大戰的一部分
	; 順時針：義大利士兵聆聽將軍談話；奧匈帝國在伊松佐河上的戰壕；阿爾卑斯山上的奧匈帝國戰壕；皮亞韋河上的義大利戰壕
日期	1915年5月23日－1918年11月3日及4日
地點	東阿爾卑斯
結果	義大利獲勝，奧匈帝國解體，並簽訂了特里亞農條約。
參戰方
義大利; 聯合王國; 法國; 美國	奧匈帝國; 德意志帝國
指揮官與領導者
路易吉·卡多爾納; 阿爾曼多·迪亞茲; 讓·塞薩爾·格拉齊亞尼	弗朗茨·康拉德·馮·赫岑多夫; 斯韋托扎爾·博羅埃維奇; 奧托·馮·貝洛
傷亡與損失
2,150,000人:; 651,000人死亡; 953,886人受傷; 530,000人被俘或失蹤; 6,700人:; 1,057人死亡; 4,971人受傷; 670人被俘或失蹤; 2,872人:; 480人死亡(700人死於意外); 2,302人受傷; 未知被俘總共: ; 約2,160,000人傷亡或被俘	2,330,000人:; 400,000人死亡; 1,210,000人以上受傷; 477,024人被俘; 176,000人失蹤; 未知總共: ; 2,330,000人以上傷亡或被俘
	589,000義大利平民死亡

第一次世界大戰義大利戰線指的是在第一次世界大戰中的1915年到1918年期間，在義大利北部進行的戰事。交戰雙方是奧匈帝國和義大利。義大利本來是三國同盟的成員，但由於義大利與奧匈帝國之間存在著「尚未收復的義大利」問題，最終義大利加入協約國一方，對德國和奧匈帝國宣戰。

戰爭開始之初，義大利曾通過速攻方式占領了幾個奧匈的城市。但隨後義大利戰線就陷入了同西線戰事相同的膠著狀態。戰爭初期奧德聯軍儘管數量處於劣勢但依然掌握戰場主動，後期協約國增兵義大利，最終使義大利以勝利告終，義大利如願獲得了奧匈帝國的部分領土，包括南提羅爾、伊斯特拉半島等。

主要戰役

戰事開始時，意軍對奧軍佔有3對1的數量上優勢，卻未能突破奧軍在朱利安阿爾卑斯山的防線。

1915年6月至1917年9月之間，發生了11次伊松佐河戰役。

1917年10月24日至11月19日：卡波雷托戰役，德奧聯軍獲勝，意軍死傷約3萬人，另有超過26萬人被俘。

1918年6月15日至23日：第二次皮亞韋河戰役（英語：Second Battle of the Piave River），意軍勝利。

1918年10月24日至11月3日：維托里奧·維內托戰役，處於奧匈帝國解體中的奧軍大敗，30萬人被俘。

註解及參考

^ Cassar (1998), p.91
^ La Grande Guerra: The Allies Post-Caporetto Support of Italy. www.worldwar1.com. [2022-02-28]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-03）.
^ Doughboys in Italy. www.worldwar1.com. [2022-02-28]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-22）.
^ Mortara 1925，第28–29頁
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Clodfelter 2017，第419頁.
^ Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920, The War Office, p. 744.
^ Bodart, Gaston: "Erforschung der Menschenverluste Österreich-Ungarns im Weltkriege 1914–1918," Austrian State Archive, War Archive Vienna, Manuscripts, History of the First World War, in general, A 91. Reports that 30% of Austro-Hungarian killed/wounded were incurred on the Italian front (including 155,350 out of 521,146 fatalities). While the casualty records remain incomplete (Bodart on the same page estimates the missing war-losses and gets a total figure of 1,213,368 deaths rather than 521,146), the proportions are accurate. 30% of casualties equates to 363,000 dead and 1,086,000 wounded.
^ Heinz von Lichem, "Gebirgskrieg," Volume 3. States that 1/3 of Austro-Hungarian casualties were incurred on the Italian front, which if accurate would equate to 400,000 killed, 1,210,000 wounded, and 730,000 missing/captured.
^ Tortato, Alessandro: La Prigionia di Guerra in Italia, 1914–1919, Milan 2004, pp. 49–50. Does not include 18,049 who died. Includes 89,760 recruited into various units and sent back to fight the AH army, and 12,238 who were freed.
^ Clodfelter gives the total missing/captured as 653,000; well-documented Italian sources give the total number of prisoners as 477,024.

[1] Cassar (1998), p.91

[2] La Grande Guerra: The Allies Post-Caporetto Support of Italy. www.worldwar1.com. [2022-02-28]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-03）.

[3] Doughboys in Italy. www.worldwar1.com. [2022-02-28]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-22）.

[4] Mortara 1925，第28–29頁

[FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Clodfelter 2017，第419頁.

[6] Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920, The War Office, p. 744.

[7] Bodart, Gaston: "Erforschung der Menschenverluste Österreich-Ungarns im Weltkriege 1914–1918," Austrian State Archive, War Archive Vienna, Manuscripts, History of the First World War, in general, A 91. Reports that 30% of Austro-Hungarian killed/wounded were incurred on the Italian front (including 155,350 out of 521,146 fatalities). While the casualty records remain incomplete (Bodart on the same page estimates the missing war-losses and gets a total figure of 1,213,368 deaths rather than 521,146), the proportions are accurate. 30% of casualties equates to 363,000 dead and 1,086,000 wounded.

[8] Heinz von Lichem, "Gebirgskrieg," Volume 3. States that 1/3 of Austro-Hungarian casualties were incurred on the Italian front, which if accurate would equate to 400,000 killed, 1,210,000 wounded, and 730,000 missing/captured.

[9] Tortato, Alessandro: La Prigionia di Guerra in Italia, 1914–1919, Milan 2004, pp. 49–50. Does not include 18,049 who died. Includes 89,760 recruited into various units and sent back to fight the AH army, and 12,238 who were freed.

[10] Clodfelter gives the total missing/captured as 653,000; well-documented Italian sources give the total number of prisoners as 477,024.

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