毒蝰

毒蝰
保護狀況
	; 無危（IUCN 3.1）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目：	有鱗目 Squamata
亞目：	蛇亞目 Serpentes
科：	蝰科 Viperidae
屬：	蝰屬 Vipera
種：	毒蝰 V. aspis
二名法
	Vipera aspis; Linnaeus, 1758
異名
	[Coluber] aspis Linnaeus, 1758; Vipera Francisci Redi ; Laurenti, 1768; Vipera Mosis Charas Laurenti, 1768; Vipera vulgaris ; Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801; Vipera ocellata ; Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801; Coluber Charasii — Shaw, 1802; [Vipera (Echidna)] Aspis ; — Merrem, 1820; C[hersea]. vulgaris — Fleming, 1822; Vipera aspis — Metaxa, 1823; Aspis ocellata — Fitzinger, 1826; [Pelias] Col[uber]. aspis ; — F. Boie, 1827; Berus Vulgaris — Gray, 1831; Vipera aspis var. ocellata ; — Bonaparte, 1834; Vipera aspis var. ocellata ; — Massalongo, 1853; V[ipera]. (Vipera) aspis ; — Jan, 1863; Vipera berus subspec. aspis ; — Camerano, 1888; Vipera aspis — Boulenger, 1896; Vipera aspis var. lineata ; Düringen, 1897; [Vipera aspis] var. Delalande Phisalix, 1902; Vipera aspis aspis ; — Mertens, 1925; Mesovipera aspis ; — A.F.T. Reuss, 1927; Mesovipera maculata ; A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum); Mesovipera maculata aspis ; — A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum); Vipera ammodytes aspis ; — Schwarz, 1936; Vipera aspis delalande ; — M. Phisalix, 1968; Vipera (Rhinaspis) aspis aspis ; — Obst, 1983; Vipera aspis — Golay et al., 1993;

毒蝰（學名：Vipera aspis）是蝰屬的一種毒蛇^[4]。其毒性很強，人類被咬後死亡率達4%^[5]。其種加詞來自希臘語，意思就是「毒蛇」^[6]。它有五個亞種。^[7]

分類

亞種^[7]	命名人^[7]	分佈^[4]
V. aspis aspis	(Linnaeus, 1758)	歐洲大部分地區
V. aspis atra	Meisner, 1820	瑞士、法國和義大利阿爾卑斯山脈地區
V. aspis francisciredi	Laurenti, 1768	義大利中部
V. aspis hugyi	Schinz, 1833	義大利南部
V. aspis zinnikeri	Kramer, 1958	加斯科尼、安道爾和臨近的西班牙地區

特徵

其體長一般在60—65公分（24—26英寸）之間，雄蛇最長可達85 cm（33英寸），雌性則為75 cm（30英寸），但雄性身體要比雌性細一些.。^[4]

參考文獻

^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
^ Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Vipera aspis, pp. 481-485.)
^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
^ Street D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.
^ Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Vipera aspis. ITIS. [2006-08-13].

外部連接

European Field Herping Community
TIGR Reptile Database上的Vipera aspis
Vipera aspis （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Accessed 9 October 2006.
Asp viper, Vipera aspis （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at Reptiles & Amphibians of France （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Accessed 6 June 2008.

[1] The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.

[2] Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Vipera aspis, pp. 481-485.)

[McD99-3] McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).

[Mal03-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.

[Str79-5] Street D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.

[Got-6] Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.

[ITIS-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Vipera aspis. ITIS. [2006-08-13].

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[3]

[1]

[2]

毒蝰

保護狀況
無危（IUCN 3.1）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目：	有鱗目 Squamata
亞目：	蛇亞目 Serpentes
科：	蝰科 Viperidae
屬：	蝰屬 Vipera
種：	毒蝰 V. aspis
二名法
*Vipera aspis* Linnaeus, 1758

異名^[3]
[Coluber] aspis Linnaeus, 1758 Vipera Francisci Redi Laurenti, 1768^[1]^[2] Vipera Mosis Charas Laurenti, 1768 Vipera vulgaris Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801 Vipera ocellata Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801 Coluber Charasii — Shaw, 1802 [Vipera (Echidna)] Aspis — Merrem, 1820 C[hersea]. vulgaris — Fleming, 1822 Vipera aspis — Metaxa, 1823 Aspis ocellata — Fitzinger, 1826 [Pelias] Col[uber]. aspis — F. Boie, 1827 Berus Vulgaris — Gray, 1831 Vipera aspis var. ocellata — Bonaparte, 1834 Vipera aspis var. ocellata — Massalongo, 1853 V[ipera]. (Vipera) aspis — Jan, 1863 Vipera berus subspec. aspis — Camerano, 1888 Vipera aspis — Boulenger, 1896 Vipera aspis var. lineata Düringen, 1897 [Vipera aspis] var. Delalande Phisalix, 1902 Vipera aspis aspis — Mertens, 1925 Mesovipera aspis — A.F.T. Reuss, 1927 Mesovipera maculata A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum) Mesovipera maculata aspis — A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum) Vipera ammodytes aspis — Schwarz, 1936 Vipera aspis delalande — M. Phisalix, 1968 Vipera (Rhinaspis) aspis aspis — Obst, 1983 Vipera aspis — Golay et al., 1993