維基百科

布麗安娜·柴之死

英国一名跨性别少女被人刺死的事件

2023年2月11日，英國沃靈頓鎮伯奇伍德（英語：Birchwood）一名16歲跨性別少女布麗安娜·柴（英語：Brianna Ghey，/dʒaɪ/ JY[2][3]，2006年 - 2023年2月11日）於庫爾切斯（英語：Culcheth）的庫爾切斯線性公園（Culcheth Linear Park）遭到殺害[4][5][6][7]。柴郡警方已拘留一男一女兩名15歲的嫌疑人[1]。目前，嫌疑人的作案動機還不明確；警方稱他們正在探索各種可能性，包括將這起事件作為一宗仇恨犯罪調查[8]。

布麗安娜·柴之死
柴郡警方發布的柴的相片
位置 英國英格蘭柴郡沃靈頓庫爾切斯線性公園
日期2023年2月11日 (2023-02-11)
類型刺傷、謀殺
死亡1人
受害者布麗安娜·柴（Brianna Ghey）
動機正在調查
被告2
指控謀殺[1]

事件背景

外部影片連結
  柴最後一條TikTok

布麗安娜·柴是伯奇伍德社群高中（英語：Birchwood Community High School）的一名11年級的跨性別女生[9][10]。她的父母形容她為「一個會給每個遇到她的人留下持久印象的，有些傳奇色彩的人物」[11][12]。據柴的朋友說，柴常幫助更年幼的跨性別女孩安全合法地接受激素替代療法[13]。柴的朋友還對記者說，柴在遭到殺害前經受了多年恐跨騷擾，包括被多人圍毆[13][14][15][16]。學習之餘，她還是一名TikTok使用者，在她名為@gingerpuppyx的TikTok帳戶上發表其身著校服模仿流行歌曲的短影音[11][17]，並積攢了超過63,000名粉絲[11]。她最後的幾條TikTok之一說她「被學校排斥了」[14]。她在該平台上發布的最後一條短影音中，可以看見她在她後來遇害的公園散步；該影片目前已有超過8,000條評論[18]。目前，她的TikTok帳戶已被註銷[15]。

事件經過

2023年2月11日下午，柴在庫爾切斯線性公園的一條小路上被人發現，當時身上有多處刀傷[19]。緊急服務於下午3點13分獲悉這一情況，而她被當場宣布死亡[19]。英國內政部屍檢將會確定死因[19]。2023年2月15日，檢察官莉安·加拉格爾（Leanne Gallagher）表示，嫌犯對柴的襲擊是「極其殘忍且極具懲罰性質的」[1][20][21]。

2023年3月8日，沃靈頓驗屍官法庭開始對柴的死因展開調查。不過，該調查隨後被延期至審判結束。調查前的聽證會將於2023年8月17日舉行[22][23]。

柴的葬禮於3月15日在沃靈頓聖埃爾芬教堂（英語：St Elphin's Church, Warrington）舉辦[24]。

事件後續

 
在薩里郡沃金為紀念柴而舉辦的燭光守夜活動。
 
蘇格蘭格拉斯高為紀念柴而舉辦的燭光守夜集會。
 
2月16日晚，蘇格蘭格拉斯高喬治廣場上為紀念柴而舉辦的燭光守夜集會參與者在現場留下的鮮花、蠟燭、卡片與標語。圖中是現場三個擺滿了紀念物品的長椅之一。

由柴好友在眾籌網站GoFundMe上設立的眾籌於三天內募集了70,000英鎊的善款；這些錢將用於幫助柴的家人[25][26]。在柴去世後的一周內，英國各地和愛爾蘭都柏林都舉行了燭光守夜活動[27][28]；不少守夜活動的參與者高達幾百乃至上千[29][30][31]。一名柴郡警方調查官員表示，柴的家人們為「來自全國乃至世界各地的支援、正面的態度和同情的訊息」所震撼[32]。

2月13日，案發現場設立了禁飛區，以阻止無人機飛到現場上空[33][34]。儘管如此，仍有人繼續操縱無人機飛過現場。此舉引來警方譴責[35]。

LGBTQ主題廣播電台Gaydio（英語：Gaydio）宣布，它已與英國的其他LGBTQ電台合作，將一同在2月17日上午11點進行一分鐘默哀。在默哀前，自己亦為跨性別的主持人史蒂芬妮·赫斯特（英語：Stephanie Hirst）會先主持一個特別專題，在專題中回顧跨性別者常常經受的歧視與暴力，並且向柴致敬[36][37]。

由於英國法律禁止未成年人取得性別承認憑證（英語：Gender Recognition Act 2004），柴的死亡證明將很可能對她性別錯稱[38]。美國民權律師亞歷杭德拉·卡拉巴洛（英語：Alejandra Caraballo）寫道：「性別批評者不斷為之鬥爭的性別承認法案（英語：Gender Recognition Act 2004），以及他們恐怖化、妖魔化的語言，意味著布麗安娜·柴的死亡證明無法將她的性別列為女性。作為最後的侮辱，英國政府官方在她死後也要對她性別錯稱。」[39] 性別批評者（英語：gender criticals）指那些認為生物性別是真實的、最重要且不可改變的，且不應該和性別認同混淆的女性主義者。他們認為女性主義應當基於生物性別，而非社會性別[40][41][42][43]。推特上有使用者發起運動，呼籲英國政府向柴頒發性別承認憑證，「這樣她才能在死後維持自己的尊嚴——對這世上其他人來說理所當然的尊嚴。」[44]

一份呼籲在柴的死亡證明上追認她性別為女性的請願書收集到了13,000多個連署，但這份請願書遭到英國政府回絕。英國政府回應稱，目前其政策「平衡得剛剛好」，因此沒有改變政策的計劃[45]。

嫌疑人

兩名15歲的嫌疑人(Scarlett Jenkinson, Eddie Ratcliffe)於2023年2月12日晚被柴郡警方逮捕並拘留[46][47]；這其中一名男孩來自利，而另一名女孩來自沃靈頓[48]。警方稱該事件為「有針對性的襲擊」[11] 並在先前表示沒有證據顯示該案件為仇恨犯罪之後[8]，自2月14日起將該事件作為潛在的仇恨犯罪調查[8]。

2月15日，兩名嫌疑人都被法官拒絕保釋，被關押於未成年犯管教所，並於次日上午在利物浦皇家法院出庭[48][49]。此次出庭，大衛·奧布里（David Aubrey）法官將其還押於未成年犯管教所，直到預定5月2日舉行的預審聽證會為止[50]。兩名嫌疑人可以但並非必須在這場聽證會上選擇無罪抗辯或是認罪。他們被還押直至5月11日的另一場聽證會[51]。2023年6月的報道稱，兩名嫌疑人的審判預定於2023年11月27日開始[52]。2023年7月20日的一場預審聽證會中，其中一名嫌疑人提出無罪抗辯[53][54]。另一名嫌疑人在同年10月4日的預審聽證會上也提出無罪抗辯[55]。審判預計將持續大約三周時間[56]。

各方反應

柴之死引來她的家人、當地社群、政治家、慈善機構、社會活動家和音樂家的回應。柴的家人稱她的死「給我們的家庭留下了一個巨大的空洞」[57]。伯奇伍德社群高中（英語：Birchwood Community High School）的校長艾瑪·米爾斯（Emma Mills）說：「聽到布麗安娜的死訊後，我們感到無比震驚和悲痛。」[57] 據英國《獨立報》報道，柴學校一位朋友的家長批評警方最初的聲明，說：「說實在的，她已經因為她的性取向而被霸凌了。這當然是一起仇恨犯罪。」[14]

英國工黨議員道恩·巴特勒（英語：Dawn Butler）發推文說「媒體中任何對她棄名錯稱，企圖抹去布麗安娜的身分的人，都應該為自己感到羞恥。」[58] 另一位工黨議員納蒂亞·惠托姆（英語：Nadia Whittome）說「布麗安娜本應有機會長大成年，成為一位漂亮的女性，活著看到一個跨性別者可以安全生活並受到尊重的世界。」[12] 工黨前領袖傑里米·科爾賓回應：「她因想做自己而被殺，」「我的心與布麗安娜的家人，以及為安全、尊嚴和自由而戰的跨性別社群同在。」[59]

據《邁阿密先鋒報》報道，LGBTQ社群中成千上萬的人及社群媒體使用者都為柴哀悼[44]。LGBT權益慈善機構石牆組織和跨性別青少年慈善機構美人魚組織（英語：Mermaids (charity)）都對柴的家人表示同情[60][61]。

英國音樂人Yungblud說這場謀殺使他「心碎」。他呼籲「每時每刻都要保護跨性別兒童，並和我們邪惡的政府所推動的反跨情緒和法案進行鬥爭。」[58][62] 朋克樂隊Big Joanie（英語：Big Joanie）對這起謀殺表達厭惡，並聲援「所有僅僅因為其存在而不得不每天為自己的安全和生命感到擔憂和恐懼的人們」[58][63]。搖滾樂隊Reverend and the Makers（英語：Reverend and the Makers）說：「布麗安娜·柴的死使我感到非常難過」；他們還發問「為什麼就不能對他人友好、尊重一點了呢？」[58][64]

對於英國媒體的批評

英國部分媒體對柴之死的報道受到了譴責[12][16][65]。跨性別權益組織Trans Safety Network（英語：Trans Safety Network）表示，英國一些媒體在報道柴死訊時對她「公開侮辱」[66][67]。BBC新聞和天空新聞台最初的報道中都沒有提到柴的跨性別身分[66]。而《泰晤士報》由於從其原先報道中刪除了「女孩」（girl）一詞並加上了柴的棄名而受到猛烈批評[16][66]。《泰晤士報》後來又對其文章修改，去除了柴的棄名並加回了「女孩」一詞[68]。

《瑪麗蘇（英語：Dan_Abrams#The_Mary_Sue）》網站譴責英國媒體中的恐跨氛圍以及對柴之死的恐跨式報道[16]。人權法教授森托倫·拉傑（Senthorun Raj）說：「我們都有責任挑戰媒體和政客將跨性別者非人化的陰險行為。」[39] Novara Media（英語：Novara Media）記者阿什·薩卡（英語：Ash Sarkar）稱她「無法想像一個人該是有多麼冷酷，才能選擇做出這樣的編輯，以在柴死後還要踐踏她的尊嚴。」[66] 工黨議員夏洛特·尼科爾斯（英語：Charlotte Nichols）表示，她將向《泰晤士報》和獨立新聞標準組織（英語：Independent Press Standards Organisation）提交投訴；她說：「無論是誰都完全沒有必要在她已經在媒體報道中被標識為跨性別者的情況下對她棄名錯稱。」[66]

NBC新聞在對這起謀殺事件的報道中總結道：「過去幾年中，英國的政治氛圍對於跨性別者越來越敵視」，並舉出英國作家J.K.羅琳公開批評跨性別權益，以及BBC於2021年報導的《我們正被跨性別女人逼著做愛》（英語："We're being pressured into sex by some trans women"）等例子[69]。美國雜誌《Vogue》將這起謀殺和網上的跨性別恐懼相聯絡，並寫道：「對跨性別權益的質疑幾乎毫不間斷，不停強化著跨性別男女試圖愚弄我們、欺騙我們的想法，使我們覺得他們個人深刻的性別認同是對現狀和我們的生活方式的一種侮辱。」[70]

參見

參考資料

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  36. ^ LGBTQ+ stations to hold minute silence to remember Brianna Ghey. 16 February 2023 [16 February 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-16）. 
  37. ^ LGBTQ+ radio station to hold minute's silence to remember Brianna Ghey. The Argus. [16 February 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-16）. 
  38. ^ Zitser, Joshua. Brianna Ghey, a 16-year-old trans girl, was stabbed to death in the UK. Her death certificate will likely misgender her — one final indignity, activists say.. Insider. 14 February 2023 [15 February 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-19）. 
  39. ^ 39.0 39.1 Billson, Chantelle. Brianna Ghey: Family leads tributes after 'much-loved daughter and sister' stabbed to death in park. PinkNews. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）. Alejandra Caraballo wrote: 'Important to note. The gender recognition act that the gender criticals keep fighting, with horrific, demonising language, means that Brianna Ghey's death certificate cannot list her gender as female. As a final insult, the English government will officially misgender her in death.'" "Professor in human rights law, Senthorun Raj, wrote: 'Young trans people deserve to thrive in a world that nurtures their humanity.' 
  40. ^ Woman accused of transphobia wins landmark employment case. HeraldScotland. [2021-06-10]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-10） （英語）. 
  41. ^ Maya Forstater: Woman wins tribunal appeal over transgender tweets. BBC News. 2021-06-10 [2021-06-10]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-15） （英國英語）. 
  42. ^ Smith, Helen-Ann. Maya Forstater: Woman who lost job over transgender views warns of 'scary' precedent if her tribunal appeal fails. Sky News. 2021-04-24 [2021-06-26]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-30）. Ms Forstater is a tax expert and a feminist and is the protagonist in a bitter legal battle about sex, gender and free speech. 
  43. ^ Observer editorial. The Observer view on the right to free expression. Observer. 2021-06-27 [2021-06-27]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-07）. 'Gender-critical' beliefs refer to the view that someone's sex – whether they are male or female – is biological and immutable and cannot be conflated with someone's gender identity, whether they identify as a man or a woman. The belief that the patriarchal oppression of women is grounded partly in their biological sex, not just the social expression of gender, and that women therefore have the right to certain single-sex spaces and to organise on the basis of biological sex if they so wish, represents a long-standing strand of feminist thinking. Other feminists disagree, believing that gender identity supersedes biological sex altogether. 
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 Baitinger, Brook. Trans teen's killing sparks outrage in the UK. Why many demand 'Dignity for Brianna'. McClatchchy News Network. Miami Herald. 2023-02-15 [2023-02-15]. 
  45. ^ Tory government rejects calls for ‘dignity in death’ for trans people after Brianna Ghey killing. PinkNews. March 16, 2023 [2023-04-08]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-02）. As announced in 2020, we believe the Gender Recognition Act 2004 is effective, strikes the right balance and allows for those who wish to legally change their sex. 
  46. ^ Brianna Ghey: Two teenagers arrested after 16-year-old stabbed to death in Warrington. Sky News. 2023-02-12 [2023-02-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）. 
  47. ^ Brianna Ghey: Boy and girl arrested over Warrington park stabbing. BBC News. 2023-02-12 [2023-02-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-12）. 
  48. ^ 48.0 48.1 Holpuch, Amanda. Two Teenagers Charged in Murder of Girl in Britain. The New York Times. 2023-02-15 [2023-02-15]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-15） （美國英語）. 
  49. ^ Halliday, Josh; corespondent, Josh Halliday North of England. Brianna Ghey: two teenagers appear in court charged with murder. The Guardian. 2023-02-15 [2023-02-15]. ISSN 0261-3077. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-15） （英國英語）. 
  50. ^ Barlow, Eleanor. Trial date fixed for teenagers charged with murder of Brianna Ghey. The Independent. 16 February 2023 [20 February 2023]. （原始內容存檔於20 February 2023） （英語）. 
  51. ^ Graham, Charles. Wigan borough teen charged with Brianna Ghey murder makes further court appearance. Wigan Today. 2023-05-04 [2023-05-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-11） （英語）. 
  52. ^ Pidd, Helen. 9 June 2023 It just filled me with love': Brianna Ghey's mother on reaction to the killing and her cold water 'therapy'. The Guardian (Guardian). 9 June 2023 [12 June 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-21）. 
  53. ^ Brianna Ghey: Teenager denies murdering 16-year-old. BBC News. 20 July 2023 [20 July 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-20）. 
  54. ^ Brianna Ghey: Teenager denies murdering 16-year-old. Sky News. 20 July 2023 [20 July 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-20）. 
  55. ^ Brianna Ghey: Second teenager denies murdering 16-year-old. BBC. 2023-10-04 [2023-10-27]. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-27） （英語）. 
  56. ^ Trial date fixed for teenagers charged with murder of Brianna Ghey in Warrington. ITV News. 16 February 2023 [16 February 2023]. （原始內容存檔於16 February 2023）. 
  57. ^ 57.0 57.1 Vinter, Robyn. Brianna Ghey’s family say her death has left a 'massive hole'. The Guardian. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）. The loss of her young life has left a massive hole in our family, and we know that the teachers and her friends who were involved in her life will feel the same." "We are shocked and truly devastated to hear of the death of Brianna. 
  58. ^ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 Jones, Damian. Yungblud, entertainment world and more pay tribute to murdered trans girl Brianna Ghey, aged 16. NME. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）. Anyone in the media who is using her deadname trying to erase Brianna's identity should be ashamed of themselves. 
  59. ^ Factora, James. 16-Year-Old Brianna Ghey, a Trans Teen, Killed in England. Them. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-14）. Former Labour party leader Jeremy Corbyn tweeted that 「she was killed because she wanted to be herself,」 and added, 「My thoughts are with Brianna's family and the trans community fighting for safety, dignity and liberation.」 
  60. ^ Brianna Ghey: Family pays tribute to 'much-loved daughter and sister' who was stabbed to death in a park. Sky News. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）. 
  61. ^ Brianna Ghey's death has left massive hole, says family. BBC News. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）. 
  62. ^ @yungblud. utterly heartbroken about the death of 16 year old brianna ghey. protect trans kids every day and fight relentlessly against anti-trans sentiment & legislations being pushed by our heinous government . rest in peace brianna ghey (推文). 2023-02-13 –透過Twitter. 
  63. ^ @Big_Joanie. Disgusted doesn't cover it. Solidarity to all the communities having to live in fear for their own safety and lives for simply existing right now. (推文). 2023-02-13 –透過Twitter. 
  64. ^ @Reverend_Makers. The death of Brianna Ghey has really saddened me Lot of people on this website think their nasty mean spirited shit has no consequences but in the real world people get killed for it What happened to being decent towards other humans ? (推文). 2023-02-13 –透過Twitter. 
  65. ^ Smith, Serena. Brianna Ghey: a 16-year-old trans girl has been killed in Cheshire. Dazed Digital. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）. 
  66. ^ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.4 Kelleher, Patrick. Brianna Ghey: The Times condemned for using teen’s deadname in 'appalling' coverage. PinkNews. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）. A 16-year-old girl has been taken from her friends and family when her life was only just beginning. I cannot fathom the callousness involved in making the editorial decision to violate her dignity in death. 
  67. ^ @trans_safety. TSN Statement on the killing of Brianna Ghey (推文). 2023-02-13 –透過Twitter. 
  68. ^ Brianna Ghey's Murder Is Bringing Up A Much Needed, Painful Conversation About Trans Safety. HuffPost UK. 14 February 2023 [2023-02-17]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-15）. 
  69. ^ Lavietes, Matt. Transgender community mourns death of British teen found stabbed to death. NBC News. 2023-02-15 [2023-02-15]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-15） （英語）. The climate in the U.K. has grown increasingly hostile for trans people over the last few years. 
  70. ^ Smith, Raven. What We Know About the Murder of Brianna Ghey. Vogue. 2023-02-14 [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-15）. But there's a near-constant questioning of trans rights that reinforces the idea that trans men and women are trying to fool us, to trick us, that their deeply personal gender identity is an affront to the status quo and how we live. 

外部連結

柴的TikTok帳戶連結 (失效)

取自「https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=布丽安娜·柴之死&oldid=80772009」