Astronomia (诗)
《Astronomia》(古希腊语:Ἀστρονομία) ,又作《Astrologia》(古希腊语:Ἀστρολογία),是一首不完整的古希腊六步诗,被认为是赫西俄德在上古时期所作。如标题所示,本诗重点是天文学——与星星打交道。[1]有人怀疑本诗影响了阿拉托斯《Phaenomena》的风格,但赫西俄德遗留的诗句太少,不能给予确定。[2]
标题和作者
目前尚不能确定该诗的名称是《Astronomia》还是《Astrologia》[3],不过它们都为“天文学”之意[4]。阿特纳奥斯和乔治·哈马托洛斯称其为Astronomia[5],普鲁塔克和老普林尼则称Astrologia[6]。12世纪诗人、学者约翰·策策斯则认同“βίβλος ἀστρική”的名称,意为“星光灿烂的书”。[7]
所有这些资料的确在某一点上达成了共识:赫西俄德撰写了这首诗。但19世纪的学者,极力反对这一说法,称这首诗撰写于希腊化时代。[1]因为目前的信息量不大,且现存内容——恒星的路径以及其意义——与《工作与时日》中的天文学建议很相似,这首诗也被认为可能属于后者的扩展版本。一位现代学者认为,这是“显而易见的”。[8][9]
内容
评价
对于《Astronomia》,早期评价并非明确的支持。Epinomis的作者说,如果一个人像赫西俄德一样只是研究星星的起伏和位置,那么他就不应该被称为天文学家。[10]
版本
关键版本
- Hesiodi, Eumeli, Cinaethonis, Asii et Carminis Naupactii fragmenta, Guil. Marckscheffel (ed.), Lipsiae, sumtibus Fr. Chr. Guil. Vogelii, 1840, pp. 352-9.
- Hesiodi carmina, Johann Friedrich Dübner (ed.), Parisiis, editore Ambrosio Firmin Didot, 1841, p. 48.
- Rzach, A., Hesiodi Carmina 2nd rev., Leipzig, 1908 [2020-07-24], (原始内容存档于2020-07-30).
- Merkelbach, R.; West, M.L., Fragmenta Hesiodea, Oxford, 1967, ISBN 0-19-814171-8.
- Merkelbach, R.; West, M.L., Fragmenta selecta, F. Solmsen (编), Hesiodi Theogonia, Opera et Dies, Scutum 3rd rev., Oxford, 1990, ISBN 0-19-814071-1.
翻译版本
- Evelyn-White, H.G., Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library no. 57 3rd rev., Cambridge, MA, 1936, ISBN 978-0-674-99063-0. (The link is to the 1st edition of 1914.)
- Most, G.W., Hesiod: Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, Loeb Classical Library no. 57, Cambridge, MA, 2006, ISBN 978-0-674-99622-9.
- Most, G.W., Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue, Other Fragments, Loeb Classical Library, no. 503, Cambridge, MA, 2007, ISBN 978-0-674-99623-6.
注脚
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cingano (2009,第129页).
- ^ Hopkinson (1988).
- ^ Merkelbach & West (1967).
- ^ Liddel, H.G. & Scott, R. A Greek–English Lexicon, 9th ed. (Oxford, 1940), s.v. ἀστρονομιά and ἀστρολογία.
- ^ Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 11.80.491c–d; George Hamartolos, Chronicle 1.10.
- ^ Plutarch, On Pythian Oracles 18.402f; Pliny, Natural History 18.213. Latin usage of astrologia parallels that of Greek in that only later did it connote exclusively something resembling modern astrology; cf. C.T. Lewis & C. Short, A Latin Dictionary (Oxford, 1879), s.v. astrologia.
- ^ Tzetzes, Chiliades 12.167 and in his notes on Works and Days 384 = Astronomia fr. 291.
- ^ Cingano (2009,第130页).
- ^ Most (2006,第lxii页).
- ^ Plato (?), Epinomis 990a (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), quoted at Merkelbach & West (1967,第148页).
参考书目
- Cingano, E., Montanari; Rengakos; Tsagalis , 编, The Hesiodic Corpus: 91–130, 2009.
- Hopkinson, N., A Hellenistic Anthology, Cambridge, 1988, ISBN 978-0-521-31425-1.
- Montanari, F.; Rengakos, A.; Tsagalis, C., Brill's Companion to Hesiod, Leiden, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-17840-3.
- Schwartz, J., Pseudo-Hesiodeia: recherches sur la composition, la diffusion et la disparition ancienne d'oeuvres attribuées à Hésiode, Leiden, 1960.
- West, M.L., Hesiod: Works & Days, Oxford, 1978, ISBN 0-19-814005-3.