锡河
锡河（泰语：แม่น้ำชี，音素换写：Mæ̀n̂ả chī，皇家转写：Maenam Chi，发音：[mɛ̂ːnáːm t͡ɕʰīː]），泰国河流，为全境位于泰国的河流中最长的一条（765千米（475英里））。锡河是蒙河的一条支流，属于湄公河水系。在雨季时，锡河时常泛滥[1]。
| 锡河 Maenam Chi | |
|---|---|
 锡河 | |
 蒙河流域地形图 | |
| 流域 | |
| 源头 | |
| • 位置 | 猜也奔府 |
| 河口 | |
| • 位置 | 四色菊府蒙河 |
| • 海拔 | 110米（360英尺） |
| 流域面积 | 49,480 km2（19,100 sq mi） |
| 本貌 | |
| 长度 | 1,047 km（651 mi） |
| 流量 | |
| • 地点 | 益梭通府 |
| • 平均流量 | 290 m3/s（10,000 cu ft/s） |
| • 最大流量 | 3,960 m3/s（140,000 cu ft/s） |
河道
锡河源自于碧差汶山脉，向东流经依善地区的猜也奔府、坤敬府，以及玛哈沙拉堪府。之后于黎逸府转向南流，流经益梭通府，并于四色菊府干他拉隆县汇入蒙河，锡河年流量约9.3立方千米（2.2立方英里）[2]。
1718年，占巴塞王国建立后，诺卡萨王派出3,000人从湄公河东岸移居西岸，并在锡河流域建立了第一个佬族聚落，并于今天的黎逸府金地县建立了第一个佬族的勐[3]。
参考文献
- ^ Thailand: Water level in Chi River still high. ReliefWeb. [2017-11-25]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01） （英语）.
- ^ Delineation of flood hazards and risk mapping in the Chi River Basin (PDF). [2017-11-25]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-21）.
- ^ Brow, James, Population, land and structural change in Sri Lanka and Thailand, Contributions to Asian studies (Kogan Page), 1976, (Issue 9): 47 [2017-11-25], ISBN 90-04-04529-5, （原始内容存档于2016-05-22）
延伸阅读
- C. Pawattana; N. K. Tripathi; S. Weesakul. Floodwater retention planning using GIS and hydrodynamic model: a case study for the Chi River Basin, Thailand. Environmental Informatics Archives (ISEIS – International Society for Environmental Information Sciences). 2007, 5: 548–556 [March 5, 2012]. EIA07-056.[永久失效链接]
- Choopug Suttisa. Civil Society in the Chi River, Northeast Thailand (PDF). Massey University, New Zealand: 1–17. 2011 [March 5, 2012]. （原始内容 (Ph.D.)存档于April 26, 2012）.
Abstract: This paper aims to examine the concept of civil society in the rural communities in the Chi River, Northeast Thailand. It focuses on the questions of what civil society means in the Thai rural context, what factors make civil society proactive and how civil society is activated. By using participatory action research (PAR) as the main methodology to answer the inquiries. The paper addresses the new term of ‘grounded civil society’ which was created through the research process in two case studies. The research determines that two elements activated grounded civil society are from outside and inside factors. The outside factors included the negative effect of government development projects and the intervention of the participatory action research, which stimulate local people to engage in civil society. The inside factors are the poor economic conditions of the villagers and the social capital existing in the communities. The paper concludes with an analysis of the causal links between social capital and civil society which claims that social capital facilitated the creation of civil society.
