夫拉卡

化合物

夫拉卡,学名α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenonealpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP, alpha-PVP, O-2387, β-ketone-prolintane, Prolintanone, desmethyl pyrrolidinovalerophenone),俗称砾石(gravel),是一种合成的仿兴奋剂卡西酮(cathinones)的化学物质[1],发展于1960年代。在化学上,夫拉卡与精神中枢兴奋剂吡咯戊酮(Pyrovalerone)[2]相关,在化学结构上是prolintane的酮类类似物[3]。被用作娱乐性药物[4]

alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone
Ball-and-stick model of the alpha-PVP molecule
临床资料
给药途径oral, intranasal, vaporization, intravenous, rectal, sublingual
法律规范状态
法律规范
识别信息
  • (RS)-1-Phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone
CAS号14530-33-7  checkY
5485-65-4HCl
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
化学信息
化学式C15H21NO
摩尔质量231.34 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • CCCC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)N2CCCC2
  • InChI=1S/C15H21NO/c1-2-8-14(16-11-6-7-12-16)15(17)13-9-4-3-5-10-13/h3-5,9-10,14H,2,6-8,11-12H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:YDIIDRWHPFMLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

2014年,美国据《药物食品和药物管理局的安全和创新法英语Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act 》禁止所有透过人工设计而具有与受禁药物相同功效的化合物,把夫拉卡列入为表一的非法管制物质名单[1][5]

副作用

α-PVP已经有报导指为多起滥药致死或混合多种药物滥用致死的元凶[6][7][8]

此外,α-PVP可能会导致所谓的“兴奋谵语”的状态,其病征包括有过度刺激及妄想幻觉[9]。α-PVP也被发现在于浴盐毒品混合使用而导致少一人死亡[10]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中國廉價毒品入侵美國佛州 致數百人傷亡. 大纪元时报. 2015-06-11 [2015-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-13) (中文(繁体)). 
  2. ^ 鹽酸吡咯戊酮(Pyrovalerone). 爱词霸 iciba. [2015-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-13) (中文(简体)). 
  3. ^ Sauer, Christoph; Peters, Frank T.; Haas, Claudia; Meyer, Markus R.; Fritschi, Giselher; Maurer, Hans H. New designer drug α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2009, 44 (6): 952. PMID 19241365. doi:10.1002/jms.1571. 
  4. ^ SOFT Designer Drug Committee Monographs: Alpha-PVP (PDF). Society of Forensic Toxicologists. 2013-09-13 [2015-06-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-04-06). 
  5. ^ U.S. Criminalizes Designer Drugs. American Chemical Society. 2012-08-27 [2015-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-27) (英语). 
  6. ^ Marinetti, L. J.; Antonides, H. M. Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: Method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2013, 37 (3): 135–46. PMID 23361867. doi:10.1093/jat/bks136. 
  7. ^ Waugh; et al. Deaths Involving the Recreational Use of α-PVP (α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone) (PDF). AAFS Proceedings. 2013 [2015-06-11]. Abstract K16. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-11-08). 
  8. ^ Cheap, synthetic 'flakka' dethroning cocaine on Florida drug scene. [2015-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-11). 27 people have died from flakka-related overdoses in the last eight months in Broward County 
  9. ^ Drugs of Abuse Emerging Trends. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2015-04-06 [2015-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-08) (英语). 
  10. ^ Sykutera, M.; Cychowska, M.; Bloch-Boguslawska, E. A Fatal Case of Pentedrone and -Pyrrolidinovalerophenone Poisoning. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2015. doi:10.1093/jat/bkv011.