嗜硫珠菌属

硫发菌属
	纳米比亚嗜硫珠菌的染色显微照片
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假单胞菌门 Pseudomonadota
纲：	γ-变形菌纲 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	硫发菌目 Thiotrichales
科：	硫发菌科 Thiotrichaceae
属：	硫发菌属 Thiomargarita; Schulz et al. 1999
Species
	纳米比亚嗜硫珠菌; Ca. Thiomargarita nelsonii; Ca. Thiomargarita joergensii; Ca. Thiomargarita magnifica;

嗜硫珠菌属（英语："Thiomargarita"）是硫发菌科的一个属，包括液泡硫细菌——纳米比亚嗜硫珠菌、Candidatus Thiomargarita nelsonii和Ca. Thiomargarita joergensii。^[4] 2022年，科学家在加勒比海红树林发现了该属的一种极其巨大的细菌，命名为华丽硫珠菌，其细胞肉眼可见，可达2 cm。^[5]

该属可在富含硫化氢的环境，诸如冷泉、泥火山、盐水池和富含有机物的沉积物、以及在本格拉洋流和秘鲁凉流下发现的沉积物中找到。这些细菌通常归类为化能营养生物，它们生存的海水环境，含有周期性上升洋流带来的大量硝酸盐。它们利用还原无机硫化物，以此为呼吸作用的电子供体来产生将碳固定成生物质能量，并把富余的硝酸盐留存在体内的液泡中。碳固定通过卡尔文循环和可逆克雷布斯循环发生。^[6]当缺乏硝酸盐时，它们会动用体内的库存。^[7]

参考

^ Thiomargarita. NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. [29 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-30）（English）. Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Thiotrichales; Thiotrichaceae
^ Schulz, H.N., Brinkhoff, T., Ferdelman, T.G., Marine, M.H., Teske, A., Jorgensen, B.B. "Dense populations of a giant sulfur bacterium in Namibian shelf sediments." Science (1999) 284:493-495.
^ Volland, Jean-Marie; Gonzalez Rizzo, Silvina; Gros, Olivier; Tyml, Tomáš; Ivanova, Natalia; Schulz, Frederik; Goudeau, Danielle; Elisabeth, Nathalie H; Nath, Nandita; Udwary, Daniel; Malmstrom, Rex R; Guidi-Rontani, Chantal; Bolte-Kluge, Susanne; Davies, Karen M; Jean, Maïtena R; Mansot, Jean-Louis; Mouncey, Nigel J; Angert, Esther; Woyke, Tanja; Date, Shailesh V, A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA compartmentalized in membrane-bound organelles 376 (6600), Science: 1453–1458, 23 Jun 2022 [2024-02-18], （原始内容存档于2024-01-30）
^ Salman, Verena; Amann, Rudolf; Girnth, Anne-Christin; Polerecky, Lubos; Bailey, Jake V.; Høgslund, Signe; Jessen, Gerdhard; Pantoja, Silvio; Schulz-Vogt, Heide N. A single-cell sequencing approach to the classification of large, vacuolated sulfur bacteria. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2011-06-01, 34 (4): 243–259. ISSN 1618-0984. PMID 21498017. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2011.02.001.
^ Pennisi, Elizabeth. Largest bacterium ever discovered has an unexpectedly complex cell. Science. 23 February 2022 [25 February 2022]. doi:10.1126/science.ada1620. （原始内容存档于2022-03-23）.
^ Flood, Beverly E.; Fliss, Palmer; Jones, Daniel S.; Dick, Gregory J.; Jain, Sunit; Kaster, Anne-Kristin; Winkel, Matthias; Mußmann, Marc; Bailey, Jake. Single-Cell (Meta-)Genomics of a Dimorphic Candidatus Thiomargarita nelsonii Reveals Genomic Plasticity. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016-01-01, 7: 603. PMC 4853749  . PMID 27199933. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00603  .
^ 尼克·莱恩（Nick Lane）. 复杂生命的起源. 由严, 曦翻译. 贵州大学出版社. 2020: 170. ISBN 9787569103465.

[NCBI-1] Thiomargarita. NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. [29 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-30）（English）. Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Thiotrichales; Thiotrichaceae

[Schulz-2] Schulz, H.N., Brinkhoff, T., Ferdelman, T.G., Marine, M.H., Teske, A., Jorgensen, B.B. "Dense populations of a giant sulfur bacterium in Namibian shelf sediments." Science (1999) 284:493-495.

[VollandGonzalez-RizzoGros2022n-3] Volland, Jean-Marie; Gonzalez Rizzo, Silvina; Gros, Olivier; Tyml, Tomáš; Ivanova, Natalia; Schulz, Frederik; Goudeau, Danielle; Elisabeth, Nathalie H; Nath, Nandita; Udwary, Daniel; Malmstrom, Rex R; Guidi-Rontani, Chantal; Bolte-Kluge, Susanne; Davies, Karen M; Jean, Maïtena R; Mansot, Jean-Louis; Mouncey, Nigel J; Angert, Esther; Woyke, Tanja; Date, Shailesh V, A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA compartmentalized in membrane-bound organelles 376 (6600), Science: 1453–1458, 23 Jun 2022 [2024-02-18], （原始内容存档于2024-01-30）

[4] Salman, Verena; Amann, Rudolf; Girnth, Anne-Christin; Polerecky, Lubos; Bailey, Jake V.; Høgslund, Signe; Jessen, Gerdhard; Pantoja, Silvio; Schulz-Vogt, Heide N. A single-cell sequencing approach to the classification of large, vacuolated sulfur bacteria. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2011-06-01, 34 (4): 243–259. ISSN 1618-0984. PMID 21498017. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2011.02.001.

[5] Pennisi, Elizabeth. Largest bacterium ever discovered has an unexpectedly complex cell. Science. 23 February 2022 [25 February 2022]. doi:10.1126/science.ada1620. （原始内容存档于2022-03-23）.

[6] Flood, Beverly E.; Fliss, Palmer; Jones, Daniel S.; Dick, Gregory J.; Jain, Sunit; Kaster, Anne-Kristin; Winkel, Matthias; Mußmann, Marc; Bailey, Jake. Single-Cell (Meta-)Genomics of a Dimorphic Candidatus Thiomargarita nelsonii Reveals Genomic Plasticity. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016-01-01, 7: 603. PMC 4853749  . PMID 27199933. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00603  .

[7] 尼克·莱恩（Nick Lane）. 复杂生命的起源. 由严, 曦翻译. 贵州大学出版社. 2020: 170. ISBN 9787569103465.

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