逆向自由乘车

逆向自由乘车（英语：Reverse Freedom Rides）是1961年美国南方种族隔离主义者通过巴士将非裔美国人送往北方及西部大城市的一次尝试。^[1]^[2]这些人通过提供单程车票和许诺提供高薪工作及免费住房的方式吸引非裔居民参与，但绝大部分非裔居民在到达北方后未能获得许诺中所提到的待遇。尽管有不少黑人在到达后凭自己的能力找到了工作，但绝大多数并没有。^[3]

参考文献

^ Robertson, Nan. 120 Negroes took 'free ride' North; White council had hoped to send 1,000; City got 32. The New York Times. 1962-06-13 [2023-05-07]. ProQuest 115728687. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）. The plan of the segregationist White Citizens Councils to ship at least 1,000 impoverished Negroes to the North in 'reverse Freedom Rides' has fallen far short of its goal…
^ Negro on Way to Cleveland In Reverse Freedom Ride. The New York Times. 1962-06-15 [2023-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-22）. A young Negro, his only luggage a paper bag, was on his way to Cleveland today, the fourth "reverse freedom rider" sent north ...
^ Negro 'ride' plan stirs new furor; Javits Hits Segregationists' Bid to Send 1,000 North Donors. The New York Times. 1962-04-25 [2023-05-07]. ProQuest 116037696. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）. A proposal to send a 'freedom train' up North carrying 1,000 Negroes on a free one-way ride away from segregation in the South drew new cries of outrage and support today.

[boyd-1] Robertson, Nan. 120 Negroes took 'free ride' North; White council had hoped to send 1,000; City got 32. The New York Times. 1962-06-13 [2023-05-07]. ProQuest 115728687. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）. The plan of the segregationist White Citizens Councils to ship at least 1,000 impoverished Negroes to the North in 'reverse Freedom Rides' has fallen far short of its goal…

[2] Negro on Way to Cleveland In Reverse Freedom Ride. The New York Times. 1962-06-15 [2023-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-22）. A young Negro, his only luggage a paper bag, was on his way to Cleveland today, the fourth "reverse freedom rider" sent north ...

[brudner-3] Negro 'ride' plan stirs new furor; Javits Hits Segregationists' Bid to Send 1,000 North Donors. The New York Times. 1962-04-25 [2023-05-07]. ProQuest 116037696. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）. A proposal to send a 'freedom train' up North carrying 1,000 Negroes on a free one-way ride away from segregation in the South drew new cries of outrage and support today.

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