海盗黄金时代
海盗黄金时代是1650年代至1720年代西方海盗最猖獗的一个时期，它还可细分为三个时期：
- 1650年至1680年，以牙买加和龟岛为据点的英法海盗袭击加勒比海和太平洋东部的西班牙殖民地的船只
- 1690年代，美洲的海盗远航前往印度洋和红海袭击穆斯林和东印度公司商船
- 西班牙王位继承战争之后，后西班牙时代的海盗（多为英国的原私掠者）在加勒比海、北美洲东岸、西非沿海和印度洋活动
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命名
1894年，英格兰记者乔治·鲍威尔（George Powell）最早提出了“海盗黄金时代”这一概念，当时指的是17世纪后半期[1]。哲学家约翰·菲斯克在1897年提出了更加系统的说法，即指1650至1720年[2]。
20世纪的历史学家基本沿袭菲斯克的定义[3]，但也提出了自己的看法。最广的定义涵盖了伊丽莎白一世统治时期和18世纪后半叶[4]，这与菲斯克的定义有相当大的出入，后者认为伊丽莎白时代的人物如弗朗西斯·德雷克绝不能算入海盗黄金时代之内[5]。
参考文献
- ^ George Powell, "A Pirate's Paradise," in The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. CCLXXVI, N.S. 52, Jan-June 1894, p. 23.
- ^ John Fiske, 1897, Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, p. 338.
- ^ R.D.W. Connor, 1909, Cornelius Harnett: An Essay in North Carolina History, P. 10; Francis Hodges Cooper, 1916, "Some Colonial History of Beaufort County, North Carolina," in James Sprunt Studies in History and Political Science, v. 14, no. 2, p. 32.
- ^ Patrick Pringle, 1951, Jolly Roger: The Story of the Great Age of Piracy, p. 9 of the 2001 edition.
- ^ Fiske, p. 341-42.
- ^ David Cordingly, 1995, Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates, pp. xvi–xvii.
- ^ Marcus Rediker, 2004, Villains of All Nations, p. 8.
- Flemming, Gregory. At the Point of a Cutlass: The Pirate Capture, Bold Escape, and Lonely Exile of Philip Ashton. ForeEdge (2014) ISBN 978-1611685152
- Little, Benerson. How History's Greatest Pirates Pillaged, Plundered, and Got Away with It: the Stories, Techniques, and Tactics of the Most Feared Sea Rovers from 1500-1800. Fair Winds Press, 2011.
- Little, Benerson. The Golden Age of Piracy: the Truth Behind Pirate Myths. Skyhorse Publishing, 2016.
- Lunsford, Virginia. Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands, Palgrave Macmillan 2005 ISBN 1403966923, ISBN 978-1403966926
- Rediker, Marcus. Villains of all Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Beacon Press: Boston (2004).
- Rediker, Marcus. “Pirates and the Imperial State.“ Reviews in American History 16.3 (1988) : 351-357
- Sherry, Frank. Raiders and Rebels the Golden Age of Piracy. Harper Perennial, 2008.
- Swanson, Carl E. “American Privateering and Imperial Warfare, 1739–1748.” The William and Mary Quarterly 42.3 (1985) : 357-382
