拟杆菌属
拟杆菌科的一属细菌
拟杆菌属（学名：Bacteroides）又称类杆菌属，是细菌中的一个属，是人类大肠中的非病原性优势菌种。革兰氏阴性菌。不形成孢子、厌氧和杆状细菌，是人类常驻菌群，同时也是肠道组成的重要基石菌属，与人类具有共生的关系。
拟杆菌属
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| 以琼脂平板无氧培养下的拟杆菌（Bacteroides spp.） | |
科学分类 
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| 域： | 细菌域 Bacteria |
| 门： | 拟杆菌门 Bacteroidota |
| 纲： | 拟杆菌纲 Bacteroidia |
| 目： | 拟杆菌目 Bacteroidales |
| 科： | 拟杆菌科 Bacteroidaceae |
| 属： | 拟杆菌属 Bacteroides Castellani & Chalmers, 1919 |
| 模式种 | |
| 脆弱拟杆菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani and Chalmers 1919
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| 物种 | |
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见正文 | |
拟杆菌属被归类在革兰氏阴性菌和专性厌氧菌中。不同于其他细菌的是，拟杆菌属的细胞膜上带有鞘磷脂。这一细菌种类中以松脆类杆菌较为有名。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：[1]
- 产酸拟杆菌 Bacteroides acidifaciens Miyamoto and Itoh 2000
- Bacteroides amylophilus Hamlin and Hungate 1956
- Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977
- Bacteroides barnesiae Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides bivius Holdeman and Johnson 1977
- Bacteroides buccae Holdeman et al., 1982
- Bacteroides buccalis Shah and Collins 1982
- 粪拟杆菌 Bacteroides caccae Johnson et al., 1986
- Bacteroides caecicola Irisawa et al., 2016
- Bacteroides caecigallinarum Saputra et al., 2015
- Bacteroides caecimuris Lagkouvardos et al., 2016
- 多毛拟杆菌 Bacteroides capillosus (Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957
- Bacteroides capillus Kornman and Holt 1982
- Bacteroides cellulosilyticus Robert et al., 2007
- 溶纤维素拟杆菌 Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al., 1984
- 毛丝鼠拟杆菌 Bacteroides chinchillae Kitahara et al., 2011
- Bacteroides clarus Watanabe et al., 2010
- Bacteroides coagulans Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides coprocola Kitahara et al., 2005
- Bacteroides coprophilus Hayashi et al., 2007
- Bacteroides coprosuis Whitehead et al., 2005
- Bacteroides corporis Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1982
- Bacteroides disiens Holdeman and Johnson 1977
- Bacteroides distasonis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides dorei Bakir et al., 2006
- 埃氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides eggerthii Holdeman and Moore 1974
- Bacteroides endodontalis van Steenbergen et al., 1984
- Bacteroides faecalis Yu et al., 2019
- Bacteroides faecichinchillae Kitahara et al., 2012
- Bacteroides faecis Kim et al., 2010
- Bacteroides faecium Kim et al. 2023[2]
- Bacteroides finegoldii Bakir et al., 2006
- Bacteroides fluxus Watanabe et al., 2010
- 福赛斯拟杆菌 Bacteroides forsythus Tanner et al., 1986
- 脆弱拟杆菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani et Chalmers 1919
- Bacteroides furcosus (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al., 1937
- Bacteroides galacturonicus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
- Bacteroides gallinaceus Irisawa et al., 2016，也拼作：Bacteroides gallinaceum
- Bacteroides gallinarum Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides gingivalis Coykendall et al., 1980
- Bacteroides goldsteinii Song et al., 2006
- 纤细拟杆菌 Bacteroides gracilis Tanner et al., 1981
- Bacteroides graminisolvens Nishiyama et al., 2009
- Bacteroides helcogenes Benno et al., 1983
- Bacteroides heparinolyticus Okuda et al., 1985
- 人脸拟杆菌 Bacteroides humanifaecis Kim et al. 2023[3]
- Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen 1963
- Bacteroides intermedius (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides intestinalis Bakir et al., 2006
- 朝鲜拟杆菌 Bacteroides koreensis Shin et al., 2017
- Bacteroides kribbi Shin et al., 2017
- 利氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides levii (ex Holdeman et al., 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides loescheii Holdeman and Johnson 1982
- 卢洪洲拟杆菌 Bacteroides luhongzhouii Ge et al. 2021[4]，以卢洪洲的名字命名
- Bacteroides luti Hatamoto et al., 2014
- Bacteroides macacae (Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall et al., 1980
- 马赛拟杆菌 Bacteroides massiliensis Fenner et al., 2005
- 产黑色素拟杆菌 Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939
- 屎拟杆菌 Bacteroides merdae Johnson et al., 1986
- 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides multiformis Liu et al. 2021
- Bacteroides microfusus Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978
- Bacteroides multiacidus Mitsuoka et al., 1974
- 鼠拟杆菌 Bacteroides muris Fokt et al. 2023[5]
- Bacteroides nodosus (Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963
- Bacteroides nordii Song et al., 2005，以卡尔·埃里克·诺德（Carl Erik Nord）的名字命名，他在厌氧细菌学和肠道细菌学方面做出了贡献
- Bacteroides ochraceus (Prévot et al., 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972
- Bacteroides oleiciplenus Watanabe et al., 2010
- Bacteroides oralis Loesche et al., 1964
- Bacteroides oris Holdeman et al., 1982
- Bacteroides oulorum Shah et al., 1985
- 卵形拟杆菌 Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus Ueki et al., 2011
- Bacteroides pectinophilus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
- Bacteroides pentosaceus Shah and Collins 1982
- Bacteroides plebeius Kitahara et al., 2005
- 侵肺拟杆菌 Bacteroides pneumosintes (Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Bacteroides polypragmatus Patel and Breuil 1982
- Bacteroides praeacutus (Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Bacteroides propionicifaciens Ueki et al., 2008
- Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) Kelly 1957
- Bacteroides pyogenes Benno et al., 1983
- Bacteroides reticulotermitis Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013
- Bacteroides rhinocerotis Li et al. 2024[6]
- Bacteroides rodentium Kitahara et al., 2011
- 赤拟杆菌 Bacteroides ruber
- Bacteroides ruminicola Bryant et al., 1958
- Bacteroides salanitronis Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides salivosus Love et al., 1987
- Bacteroides salyersae Song et al., 2005
- Bacteroides salyersiae corrig. Song et al., 2005
- Bacteroides sartorii Clavel et al., 2010
- Bacteroides splanchnicus Werner et al., 1975
- Bacteroides stercorirosoris Kitahara et al., 2012
- 粪便拟杆菌 Bacteroides stercoris Johnson et al., 1986
- Bacteroides succinogenes Hungate 1950
- 猪拟杆菌 Bacteroides suis Benno et al., 1983
- 隐蔽拟杆菌 Bacteroides tectum Love et al., 1986
- Bacteroides tectus corrig. Love et al., 1986
- Bacteroides termitidis (Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970
- 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso 1912) Castellani et Chalmers 1919
- 帝汶拟杆菌 Bacteroides timonensis Ramasamy et al. 2014
- 同型拟杆菌 Bacteroides uniformis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，单形拟杆菌
- 解脲拟杆菌 Bacteroides urealtyicus
- Bacteroides ureolyticus Jackson and Goodman 1978
- Bacteroides veroralis Watabe et al., 1983
- Bacteroides vicugnae [7]
- 普通拟杆菌 Bacteroides vulgatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides xylanisolvens Chassard et al., 2008
- Bacteroides xylanolyticus Scholten-Koerselman et al., 1988
- 张文宏拟杆菌 Bacteroides zhangwenhongii Ge et al. 2021[8]，以张文宏的名字命名
- Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg et al., 1937) Cato et al., 1982
参考文献
- ^ Bacteroides Castellani & Chalmers, 1919. GBIF. [2022-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-08）.
- ^ Kim J, Song HS, Kim JY, Whon TW, Chung WH, Nam YD, Choi YE, Roh SW. Bacteroides faecium sp. nov. isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5666.
- ^ Kim HS, Kim JS, Suh MK, Eom MK, Lee JH, Park SH, Kang SW, Lee DH, Yoon H, Lee JH, et al. Bacteroides humanifaecis sp. nov., isolated from faeces of healthy Korean. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:357.
- ^ Ge Y, Zhang G, Yang J, Lai XH, Jin D, Lu S, Pu J, Huang Y, Luo X, Zheng H, et al. Bacteroides luhongzhouii sp. nov. and Bacteroides zhangwenhongii sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4772.
- ^ Fokt H, Unni R, Repnik U, Schmitz RA, Bramkamp M, Baines JF, Unterweger D. Bacteroides muris sp. nov. isolated from the cecum of wild-derived house mice. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:546.
- ^ Li X, Sun P, Gong L, Shi W, Xiang Z, Li M, Su L, Qin C. Bacteroides rhinocerotis sp. nov., isolated from the fresh feces of rhinoceros in Beijing Zoo. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:169.
- ^ Bacteroides vicugnae sp. nov. isolated from the fecal material of an alpaca.. sciencedirect. [2024-05-22].
- ^ Ge Y, Zhang G, Yang J, Lai XH, Jin D, Lu S, Pu J, Huang Y, Luo X, Zheng H, et al. Bacteroides luhongzhouii sp. nov. and Bacteroides zhangwenhongii sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4772.