建议的最大酒精饮料摄取量
酒精摄入量安全建议值
关于安全的酒精最大摄入量或安全限度,全球没有达成共识[1]。各国政府的卫生机构所提供的饮酒指导方针各不相同。美国心脏协会建议那些尚未饮用酒精饮料的人不应该接触酒精饮料,因为饮酒可能会造成长期负面影响[2][3]。
男性
每日最多饮酒量
- 奥地利:24克酒精
- 捷克共和国:24克
- 德国:24克/天
- 香港:20克/天[4]
- 意大利:40克(老年人为30克)[5]
- 荷兰:10克(建议0克)[6]
- 葡萄牙:37克[7]
- 瑞典:20克[8]
- 中华人民共和国:25克[9]
上述国家的卫生机构基本上建议男性的酒精摄入量控制在每天20-40克之间。
既不怀孕也非哺乳期的妇女
每日最多饮酒量
上述国家和地区的卫生机构基本上建议非怀孕和非哺乳期女性的酒精摄入量控制在每天20-40克之间。
孕妇
- 加拿大:“如果已怀孕或准备怀孕,请不要喝酒”[12]
- 法国:完全禁酒[13]
- 香港:“怀孕期间戒酒是最安全的选择”[14]
- 冰岛:建议孕妇在怀孕期间禁酒,因为不存在安全的饮酒量
- 以色列:妇女在怀孕前和怀孕期间应避免饮酒[15]
- 荷兰:禁酒
- 新西兰:怀孕或准备怀孕的妇女应避免饮酒
- 挪威:禁酒[16]
- 中华人民共和国:禁止饮酒[9]
- 美国:怀孕期间和准备怀孕期间应完全禁酒[17]
简而言之,上述所有国家和地区的卫生机构建议,如果妇女要怀孕或可能怀孕,就不要饮酒。
哺乳期
未成年人
各国对未成年人饮酒也有不同的建议。
参考文献
- ^ Sussex uni finds "no consensus" on safe drink limits. Theargus.co.uk. 2013-01-27 [2014-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-01).
- ^ Deedwania, Prakash. Alcohol and Heart Health. American Heart Association (AHA). 12 January 2015 [4 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-24) (英语).
- ^ Mechanick, Jeffrey I.; Kushner, Robert F. Lifestyle Medicine: A Manual for Clinical Practice. Springer Science. 21 April 2016: 153. ISBN 9783319246871 (英语).
However, even light alcohol use (≤1 drink daily) increases the risk of developing cancer, and heavier use (≥2-4 drinks daily) significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Given these and other risks, the American Heart Association cautions that, if they do not already drink alcohol, people should not start drinking for the purported cardiovascular benefits of alcohol.
- ^ Department of Health Action Plan to Reduce Alcohol-related Harm in Hong Kong (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) September 2011
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Worldwide Recommendations on Alcohol Consumption 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期26 May 2006.
- ^ Drinking Guidelines: General Population. IARD.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. [23 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-23).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Drinking and You Drinking guidelines — units of alcohol 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期8 February 2007.
- ^ [1]
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 京华时报. 《中国居民膳食指南》:一天酒精量别超25克. [2021-04-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-21).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 National Health and Medical Research Council 2009 Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 引用错误:带有name属性“ozguidelines”的
<ref>
标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ 11.0 11.1 National Health and Medical Research Council 2009 Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol: Frequently Asked Questions (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 引用错误:带有name属性“ozFAQ”的
<ref>
标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ Centre for Addiction and Mental Health / Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Drinking Guidelines: General Population. IARD.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. [23 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-23)."Drinking Guidelines: General Population" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). IARD.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
- ^ Department of Health
- ^ Proper Nutrition during Pregnancy. Ministry of Health. State of Israel. [23 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-28).
- ^ Alkovett for den lille (PDF). http://avogtil.no/. AV OG TIL. [23 June 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-15).
- ^ 'USDA, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005, Chapter 9: Alcoholic Beverages (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Family Health Service, Department of Health
- ^ New Zealand Ministry of Health Manatū Hauora Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Consultation on children, young people and alcohol. Dcsf.gov.uk. [2014-03-30]. (原始内容存档于14 June 2013).
- ^ Parents back alcohol free childhood 17 December 2009
- ^ BBC 'No alcohol' urged for under-15s (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 29 January 2009