废文
废文,又称狗屎帖(英语:shitposting),是在在线论坛或社交媒体当中具有侵略性、反讽性、恶搞性[1]的低质贴文或内容。发废文的用户往往是故意破坏讨论或蓄意发起网络论战,以使该网站无法被其他用户正常使用。[2]但废文并不代表着钓鱼梗,无意义之图文也可以代表着废文但不代表钓鱼
定义和用法
废文是一种现代形式的在线挑衅。这个术语本身出现在2000年代中期的图像板上,如4chan,但这个概念并不新鲜;20世纪初的艺术运动达达主义创造了故意低质量或冒犯性的艺术,以挑衅艺术界。[3][4] 萨姆·格雷斯为多边形撰文,将废文比作达达主义的 "混乱的、无背景的作品。特别因为它们是如此荒谬,在艺术和政治上都被视为革命性的作品"。格雷斯写道,废文的目标是 "让观众在缺乏内容的情况下困惑,以至于他们大笑或微笑"。 [5]
迪肯大学 的恐怖主义问题专家格雷格·巴顿教授说,种族主义 废文在互联网上很常见,是人们联络和获得关注的一种方式。他说,“社交媒体的重点就是它是社交的。你想要一些反馈,你希望人们喜欢你的东西,无论它是 Instagram 还是 Facebook都是如此。废文就是提升你的个人名声,让人们喜欢你的东西的方式。你越讽刺和有趣,你得到的回应就越多。” [6][7]
现代政治中
在2016年美国总统选举期间,废文的政治用途开始凸显出来。同年5月,“每日热点”写道,废文是“一种故意的挑衅,旨在以最小的努力获得最大的影响”。 [8]
2016 年 9 月,亲特朗普团体“敏捷美国”受到媒体广泛关注。 [9][10][11]“每日野兽”将该组织描述为“致力于‘发布废文’并传播网络迷因来诽谤希拉里·克林顿”。 [9]
2016 年 9 月,英国《独立报》写道,发布废文是一种非政治“可以发挥多种作用的工具”。 [12] 但像这样的贴文早在2016年美国总统选举之前就出现了。”工程技术”杂志写道:"无论是来自左翼还是右翼的废文,都危险地接近于提供奥威尔两分钟仇恨的在线远端转移。[13]
2016年11月,《时尚先生》杂志写道,"网络嘲讽正在变成一种政治手段,尤其是使用废文。也许2020年的选举将会是废文比赛"。[14]
2018年3月,谈及Facebook新都市主义组织废文的使用,《芝加哥》杂志将其定义为 "意在尴尬和不相关的贴文,意为分散社交媒体社区对其当前话题的讨论"。 [15][16]
英国《金融时报》将废文定义为“为了破坏讨论,向在线论坛或社交网络张贴炫耀空洞和无背景的内容”。它给出了自由民主党领导人乔·斯温森的例子,在网络巨魔编造了一个关于她这样做的废文后,她被迫否认自己曾杀死过松鼠。 [17][18]
流行文化
- 使用 Ace 硬件混战开始时是一个讽刺性的Facebook账户的讽刺性废文,但由于随后的宣传,最终变成了一个促销活动。 [19][20]
- 突袭51区,他们不能阻止我们所有人引起全世界关注的事件是由一个名为“Shitposting cause im in shambles”的帐户造成的。[21]
参见
参考文献
- ^ How spammers nearly destroyed the biggest 'Simpsons' meme page. The Daily Dot. 2016-08-24 [2021-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-08).
... but that doesn't quite speak to the essence of 'shitposting', which encompasses content of aggressively, ironically, and of trollishly poor quality. Incoherent jokes, hasty Photoshopping, mashups, irrelevance, errors in spelling or grammar—all are hallmarks of the shitpost ...
- ^ Walker, Alex. Purges and politics in cyberspace. Cherwell. 2016-04-05 [2021-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-11).
'Shitposting' according to the Open Oxford administrators Ash MQ & co involves 'a small coterie of members posting in-jokes, diary entries, and pictures of excrement' which meant that 'discussions were derailed, serious threads became lost amongst the nonsense, and most of the group's over 4000 members were put off ever getting involved.'
- ^ Francis M. Naumann, New York Dada, 1915–23 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2018-10-28., Abrams, 1994, ISBN 0-81093676-3
- ^ Mario de Micheli (2006)
- ^ Greszes, Sam. Shitposting is an art, if history is any indication. Polygon. 2018-12-17 [2018-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-02).
- ^ Boseley, Matilda. Inside the 'shitposting' subculture the alleged Christchurch shooter belonged to. The Sydney Morning Herald. 2019-03-17 [2020-06-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-24) (英语).
- ^ TellMAMA. Brenton Tarrant: How the media helped turn the 'shitposting' terrorist into a meme. TELL MAMA. 2019-03-15 [2020-06-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-26) (英国英语).
- ^ How to speak like a Donald Trump supporter. The Daily Dot. 2016-05-02 [2023-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-17).
... shitposting means good posts with bad behavior. It has roots in older communities like Something Awful and 4chan, which celebrates the shitpost like no other. The shitpost is a troll, a deliberate provocation designed for maximum impact with minimum effort. It's bad. It's good.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Ben Collins, Gideon Resnick. Palmer Luckey: The Facebook Near Billionaire Secretly Funding Trump's Meme Machine. 每日野兽. 2016-09-23 [2023-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-23).
- ^ Hern, Alex. Oculus Rift founder Palmer Luckey spends fortune backing pro-Trump 'shitposts'. 卫报. 2016-09-23 [2023-02-17]. ISSN 0261-3077. (原始内容存档于2017-01-10) (英国英语).
- ^ Horwitz, Josh. The founder of Oculus is funding a group that "shitposts" anti-Hillary Clinton memes. 石英财经网. 2016-09-23 [2023-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-25) (美国英语).
- ^ Shitposting: What is the bizarre online behaviour that could win Donald Trump the election?. 独立报 (英国). 2016-09-23 [2023-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-06) (英国英语).
Shitposting in itself doesn't appear to have much of a politics, instead being a tool that can be put to a variety of effects—being used from everyone from the far-right such as Trump fans to left-wing groups online like those meant to support Bernie Sanders.
- ^ Dempsey, Paul. Real-world politics torpedo Facebook's virtual pioneer. Engineering & Technology. 2016-09-27 [2023-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-24).
- ^ Why Canada Can't Laugh At America Anymore. Esquire. 2016-11-07 [2023-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-17).
- ^ Mortice, Zach. Meet the 61,000 Transit Nerds of Facebook's 'New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens'. Chicago. Tronc. 29 March 2018 [30 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-26).
- ^ Mortice, Zach. Meet the 61,000 Transit Nerds of Facebook's 'New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens'. Zach Mortice. zachmortice.com. 9 April 2018 [30 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-24).
- ^ Year in a word: Shitposting. 金融时报 (英国). [Mar 21, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-02).
- ^ Golby, Joel. This week's biggest Twitter controversy? Jo Swinson's squirrel problem. 卫报. Nov 21, 2019 [Mar 21, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11).
- ^ INQUIRER.net - Happening now: Ace Hardware Sm City Lucena.... Facebook. 2016-04-15 [2016-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-08).
- ^ Ace Hardware gets ready for 'Suntukan'. GMA News. 2016-04-15 [2016-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-22).
- ^ Frank, Allegra. More than 2 million people have RSVP'd to 'storm Area 51'. Vox. Jul 12, 2019 [Mar 21, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-18).