巴伐利亚行政圈
巴伐利亚行政圈(德语:Bayerischer Reichskreis ) 是神圣罗马帝国的一个帝国行政圈。
巴伐利亚行政圈 Bayerischer Reichskreis(德语) | |
---|---|
1500—1806 | |
![]() 16世纪初的巴伐利亚行政圈 | |
首府 | 雷根斯堡 |
历史 | |
历史时期 | 近代初期 |
• 成立 | 1500 |
• 废除 | 1806 |
今属于 |
![]() |
该行政圈中最重要的国家是拥有上普法尔茨领土的巴伐利亚公国(1623年由皇帝斐迪南二世提升为选帝侯国)。 [1]其他帝国诸侯,如萨尔茨堡采邑总主教区、弗赖辛采邑主教区、绍教采邑主教区和雷根斯堡采邑主教区以及1633年的帝国议会所在地帝国自由城市雷根斯堡,重要性次之。巴伐利亚选帝侯和萨尔茨堡大主教是该行政圈的领导者。 [2] [3]
地理位置
巴伐利亚行政圈主要包括现在被称为老巴伐利亚(Altbayern)的地区(自1628年起包括上普法尔茨)与因河地区和萨尔茨堡地区。与其他帝国行政圈相比,巴伐利亚行政圈在很大程度上是一个封闭的区域,巴伐利亚公国和萨尔茨堡大主教区是这一行政圈的主导力量。
领土组成
巴伐利亚行政圈由以下领土组成:
名字 | 政治实体类型 | 建立时间 | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
巴伐利亚 | 公国 | 907 | 907年成立,1180年由维特尔斯巴赫家族持有,1506年巴伐利亚-慕尼黑和巴伐利亚-兰茨胡特重新统一,1628 年从普法尔茨选侯国获取上普法尔茨以及选帝侯头衔,1777年绝嗣后由普法尔茨选侯国完全继承。 |
贝希特斯加登 | 教务亲王 | 1111 | Established in 1111, Reichsfreiheit granted by Frederick I Barbarossa in 1156. |
Breitenegg | 领地 | 1624 | Granted to Johann Tserclaes de Tilly by Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria in 1624, Imperial county from 1654, sold to Bavaria in 1792. |
Ehrenfels | 领地 | 1465 | Territory around Beratzhausen, Reichsfreiheit granted by Frederick III of Habsburg in 1465, acquired by Palatinate-Neuburg in 1567. |
Freising | 采邑主教区 | 724 | Established by Saint Corbinian in 724, Prince-Bishopric from 1294 |
Haag | 伯国 | 1245 | Reichsfreiheit granted by Frederick II of Hohenstaufen in 1245, Imperial county from 1509, held by the Dukes of Bavaria from 1567. |
Hohenwaldeck | 领地 | 1476 | Former Freising territory, Reichsfreiheit granted by Frederick III of Habsburg in 1476, county from 1637, to Bavaria in 1734 |
洛伊希滕贝格 | 伯爵领 | 1146 | Established about 1146, principality from 1433, inherited by the House of Wittelsbach in 1646, to Bavaria in 1712. |
Niedermünster in Regensburg | 采邑修道院长领地 | 788 | 约788年建立,1002年由亨利二世授予帝国自治权。 |
Obermünster in Regensburg | 采邑修道院长领地 | 876 | Established before 876, Reichsfreiheit granted by Louis IV of Wittelsbach in 1315. |
奥尔滕堡 | 伯国 | 1120 | Established about 1120, Reichsfreiheit confirmed in 1479 by Frederick III of Habsburg. |
普法尔茨-诺伊堡 | 公国 | 1505 | Wittelsbach territory established in 1505 after the Landshut War of Succession, inherited the Palatinate in 1685, line extinct in 1742, inherited by Palatinate-Sulzbach. |
普法尔茨-苏尔茨巴赫 | 公国 | 1656 | Subdivision of Palatinate-Neuburg from 1656, heir of Palatinate-Neuburg and Electoral Palatinate in 1742, both united with Bavaria in 1777. |
帕绍 | 采邑主教区 | 739 | Established in 739 by Saint Boniface, Reichsfreiheit granted by Otto III in 999. |
雷根斯堡 | 采邑主教区 | 739 | Established in 739 by Saint Boniface, Imperial immediacy from the 13th century |
雷根斯堡 | 帝国自由城市 | 1245 | Since 1245. |
萨尔茨堡 | 采邑总主教区 | 696 | Bishopric established in 696 by Saint Rupert, archbishopric from 798, prince-archbishopric from 1213.
Secularised (as the Electorate of Salzburg) and transferred to the Austrian Circle in 1803 |
雷根斯堡的圣埃梅拉姆修道院 | 采邑修道院长领地 | 739 | Established in 739, held by the Bishops of Regensburg until 975, Reichsfreiheit granted by Adolph of Nassau in 1295. |
施特恩施泰因 | 领地 | 1562 | Fief of the Bohemian Crown, raised to county and granted to the House of Lobkowicz by Ferdinand I of Habsburg in 1562, gained Reichsfreiheit in 1641. |
苏尔兹堡-皮尔鲍姆 | 领地 | 1353 | Held by the House of Wolfstein, Reichsfreiheit confirmed in 1353, county from 1673, fell to Bavaria in 1740. |
参考资料
- ^ Freeman, Edward Augustus. The Historical Geography of Europe. Volume I Second. London: Longmans, Green, and Company. 1882: 221 [2021-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-29) (英语).
- ^ Holberg, Ludvig. Radcliffe, William , 编. An Introduction to Universal History. London: L. Davis, J. Johnson and R. Baldwin. 1787: 307 [2021-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-29) (英语).
- ^ The Edinburgh Gazetteer, Or Geographical Dictionary. Volume 1. Edinburgh and London: Archibald Constable and Company. 1822: 409 [2021-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-11) (英语).