太阳风暴列表

太阳风暴是太阳引起的现象，通常与来自太阳黑子活动区的太阳闪焰引起的日冕云和日冕大量抛射相关联，也有少数与日冕洞关。大多数活着的恒星都会对太阳物理学领域研究的太空天气产生干扰；这是与许多领域，像是恒星天文学和行星科学结合的一个学门。在太阳系，太阳可以产生剧烈的地磁和质子风暴，对无线电通讯设施卫星通讯和相关太空科技（包括全球卫星定位系统）的暂时或永久的损坏，使广大区域的电力供应中断造成停电。强烈的太阳风暴也可能危害在高纬度、高海拔飞航的飞机与载人太空航具^[1]磁暴是极光现象发生的原因^[2]。已知最强烈的太阳风暴发生在1859年9月，称为卡林顿事件^[3]。最强大的太阳风暴造成的损失，对现代人类的文明构成极大的威胁^[4]。

值得注意的事件

电磁、地磁、和/或质子风暴

间接证据

2225 BCE^[5]
1485 BCE^[5]
95 CE^[5]
265 CE^[5]
774年至775年间碳14飙升^[6]
993-994 CE^[7]
1460 CE^[5]
1505 CE^[5]
1719 CE^[5]
1810 CE^[5]

直接测量

不影响地球的事件

2012年太阳风暴

参见

太阳风暴
太阳周期
太阳风和太阳圈 / 行星际磁场
日冕大量抛射列表
伽玛射线暴和极超新星
宇宙线对健康的威胁（英语：Health threat from cosmic rays）
太空天气预报中心（Space Weather Prediction Center，SWPC）

参考资料

^ Phillips, Tony. Severe Space Weather--Social and Economic Impacts. NASA Science News. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 21 Jan 2009 [2014-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-14）.
^ NOAA Space Weather Scales. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. 1 Mar 2005 [2014-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-07）.
^ Bell, Trudy E.; T. Phillips. A Super Solar Flare. NASA Science News. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 6 May 2008 [2014-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-01）.
^ Kappenman, John. Geomagnetic Storms and Their Impacts on the U.S. Power Grid (PDF). META-R 319. Goleta, CA: Metatech Corporation for Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2010 [2015-05-01]. OCLC 811858155. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-03-10）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 ^5.7 Usoskin, Ilya G.; Gennady A. Kovaltsov. Occurrence of Extreme Solar Particle Events: Assessment from Historical Proxy Data. The Astrophysical Journal. 2012, 757 (92): 1–6. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/92.
^ Melott, Adrian L.; B. C. Thomas. Causes of an AD 774–775 14C increase. Nature. 2012, 491 (7426). Bibcode:2012Natur.491E...1M. arXiv:1212.0490  . doi:10.1038/nature11695.
^ Fusa, Miyake; Kimiaki Masuda; Toshio Nakamura. Another rapid event in the carbon-14 content of tree rings. Nature Communications. 2013, 4 (1748): 1–4. doi:10.1038/ncomms2783.
^ Deffree, Suzanne. Solar flare impacts microchips, August 16, 1989. EDN. 16 Aug 2013 [2015-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-08）.
^ Weaver, Michael; W. Murtagh; et al. Halloween Space Weather Storms of 2003 (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum. OAR SEC-88. Boulder, CO: Space Environment Center. 2004 [2015-05-20]. OCLC 68692085. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-28）.

Cliver, E.W.; L. Svalgaard. The 1859 Solar–Terrestrial Disturbance and the Current Limits of Extreme Space Weather Activity (PDF). Solar Physics. 2004, 224 (1-2): 407–22 [2015-05-01]. Bibcode:2004SoPh..224..407C. doi:10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-11）.

外部链接

The Most Powerful Solar Flares Ever Recorded（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (NASA's SpaceWeather.com)
Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth Environment (1976 - present)（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (SWPC)
Archive of the most severe solar storms（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Solarstorms.org)
GOES X-ray Solar Imager Greatest Hits（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Phillips, Tony. Severe Space Weather--Social and Economic Impacts. NASA Science News. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 21 Jan 2009 [2014-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-14）.

[2] NOAA Space Weather Scales. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. 1 Mar 2005 [2014-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-07）.

[3] Bell, Trudy E.; T. Phillips. A Super Solar Flare. NASA Science News. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 6 May 2008 [2014-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-01）.

[4] Kappenman, John. Geomagnetic Storms and Their Impacts on the U.S. Power Grid (PDF). META-R 319. Goleta, CA: Metatech Corporation for Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2010 [2015-05-01]. OCLC 811858155. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-03-10）.

[maintable-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 ^5.7 Usoskin, Ilya G.; Gennady A. Kovaltsov. Occurrence of Extreme Solar Particle Events: Assessment from Historical Proxy Data. The Astrophysical Journal. 2012, 757 (92): 1–6. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/92.

[6] Melott, Adrian L.; B. C. Thomas. Causes of an AD 774–775 14C increase. Nature. 2012, 491 (7426). Bibcode:2012Natur.491E...1M. arXiv:1212.0490  . doi:10.1038/nature11695.

[7] Fusa, Miyake; Kimiaki Masuda; Toshio Nakamura. Another rapid event in the carbon-14 content of tree rings. Nature Communications. 2013, 4 (1748): 1–4. doi:10.1038/ncomms2783.

[8] Deffree, Suzanne. Solar flare impacts microchips, August 16, 1989. EDN. 16 Aug 2013 [2015-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-08）.

[9] Weaver, Michael; W. Murtagh; et al. Halloween Space Weather Storms of 2003 (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum. OAR SEC-88. Boulder, CO: Space Environment Center. 2004 [2015-05-20]. OCLC 68692085. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-28）.

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