维基百科

剥蚀节理

剥蚀节理（英语：exfoliation joint或sheet joints）是一种在岩石表面平行的结构，常常导致对岩石内部的进一步侵蚀。

约瑟美地国家公园中的剥蚀节理
约瑟美地国家公园中的剥蚀节理（被公路分隔开）

地质特点

  • 通常遵循地形[1][2][3]。
  • 将岩石分解为副平面[3]。
  • 节理的间距随着深度从表面附近的几厘米增加到深处的几米[4][5][6]。
  • 目前已知最大的剥蚀节理深度约为100米[7][8][9][10]。
  • 节理的缝隙是可拉伸的[11][12]。
  • 发生在许多不同的岩性和气候带中，并非冰川景观独有[13][14][15]。
  • 基岩通常是稀疏节理的，各向同性的，并且具有很高的抗压强度。
  • 可以具有或凹或凸的向上弯曲[16][17][18]。
  • 通常与其他次生地质活动相联系，例如拱起、弯曲[19]。

参考资料

  1. ^ Gilbert, G.K. Domes and dome structures of the high Sierra. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 1904, 15: 29–36. 
  2. ^ Matthes, F.E. Geologic history of the Yosemite Valley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional. 1930, 160 [2020-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993. 
  4. ^ Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993. 
  5. ^ Dale, T.N. The commercial granites of New England. United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 1923, 738. 
  6. ^ Jahns, R.H. Sheet structures in granites. Journal of Geology. 1943, 51 (2): 71–98. Bibcode:1943JG.....51...71J. doi:10.1086/625130. 
  7. ^ Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993. 
  8. ^ Dale, T.N. The commercial granites of New England. United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 1923, 738. 
  9. ^ Jahns, R.H. Sheet structures in granites. Journal of Geology. 1943, 51 (2): 71–98. Bibcode:1943JG.....51...71J. doi:10.1086/625130. 
  10. ^ Holzhausen, G.R. Origin of sheet structure, 1. Morphology and boundary conditions. Engineering Geology. 1989, 27 (1–4): 225–278. doi:10.1016/0013-7952(89)90035-5. 
  11. ^ Bahat, D.; Grossenbacher, K.; Karasaki, K. Mechanism of exfoliation joint formation in granitic rocks, Yosemite National Park. Journal of Structural Geology. January 1999, 21 (1): 85–96. Bibcode:1999JSG....21...85B. ISSN 0191-8141. doi:10.1016/s0191-8141(98)00069-8. 
  12. ^ Mandl, G. Rock Joints. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 2005. ISBN 9783642063916. 
  13. ^ Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993. 
  14. ^ Bradley, W.C. Large-scale exfoliation in massive sandstones of the Colorado Plateau. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1963, 74 (5): 519–527. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[519:LEIMSO]2.0.CO;2. 
  15. ^ Twidale, C.R. On the origin of sheet jointing. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 1973, 5 (3): 163–187. Bibcode:1973RMFMR...5..163T. doi:10.1007/BF01238046. 
  16. ^ Gilbert, G.K. Domes and dome structures of the high Sierra. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 1904, 15: 29–36. 
  17. ^ Matthes, F.E. Geologic history of the Yosemite Valley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional. 1930, 160 [2020-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）. 
  18. ^ Romani, J.R.; Twidale, C.R. Sheet fractures, other stress forms and some engineering implications. Geomorphology. 1999, 31: 13–27. Bibcode:1999Geomo..31...13V. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00070-7. 
  19. ^ Romani, J.R.; Twidale, C.R. Sheet fractures, other stress forms and some engineering implications. Geomorphology. 1999, 31: 13–27. Bibcode:1999Geomo..31...13V. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00070-7. 
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