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熱力學
分支
經典熱力學
·
統計力學
·
化學熱力學
·
平衡熱力學
/
非平衡熱力學
定律
零
·
一
·
二
·
三
熱力學系統
熱力學狀態
:
狀態方程
理想氣體
·
真實氣體
物態
·
熱力學平衡
·
控制體積
·
過程
:
等壓過程
·
等容過程
·
等溫過程
·
Adiabatic
·
Isentropic
·
Isenthalpic
Quasistatic
·
Polytropic
·
自由膨脹
·
可逆過程
·
不可逆過程
·
Endoreversibility
· 循環:
熱機
·
熱泵
·
熱機效率
熱力學性質
Property diagrams
Intensive and extensive properties
·
State function
s
:
Temperature
/
Entropy
(
intro.
) ?
Pressure
/
Volume
?
Chemical potential
/
Particle no.
?(?
Conjugate variables
)
Vapor quality
Reduced properties
·
Process function
s
:
Work
·
Heat
Material properties
比熱容
c
=
{\displaystyle c=}
T
{\displaystyle T}
∂
S
{\displaystyle \partial S}
N
{\displaystyle N}
∂
T
{\displaystyle \partial T}
壓縮性
β
=
−
{\displaystyle \beta =-}
1
{\displaystyle 1}
∂
V
{\displaystyle \partial V}
V
{\displaystyle V}
∂
p
{\displaystyle \partial p}
熱膨脹
α
=
{\displaystyle \alpha =}
1
{\displaystyle 1}
∂
V
{\displaystyle \partial V}
V
{\displaystyle V}
∂
T
{\displaystyle \partial T}
Property database
Equations
Carnot's theorem
Clausius theorem
Fundamental relation
Ideal gas law
Maxwell relations
·
Table of thermodynamic equations
Potentials
Free energy
·
Free entropy
·
Internal energy
U
(
S
,
V
)
{\displaystyle U(S,V)}
Enthalpy
H
(
S
,
p
)
=
U
+
p
V
{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}
Helmholtz free energy
A
(
T
,
V
)
=
U
−
T
S
{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}
Gibbs free energy
G
(
T
,
p
)
=
H
−
T
S
{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}
History and culture
Philosophy
:
Entropy and time
·
Entropy and life
Brownian ratchet
Maxwell's demon
Heat death paradox
Loschmidt's paradox
Synergetics
·
History
:
General
·
Heat
·
Entropy
·
Gas laws
Perpetual motion
Theories
:
Caloric theory
·
Vis viva
Theory of heat
Mechanical equivalent of heat
Motive power
Publications
:"
An Experimental Enquiry Concerning ... Heat
""
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
"
"Reflections on theMotive Power of Fire"
·
Timelines of
:
Thermodynamics
·
Heat engines
·
Art
:
Maxwell's thermodynamic surface
·
Education
:
Entropy as energy dispersal
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