1939年埃爾津詹地震

1939年埃爾津詹地震
UTC時間	1939-12-26 23:57:23
ISC事件	902291
USGS-ANSS	目錄
當地日期	1939年12月27日
當地時間	1:57:23 a.m.
震級	7.8 MW
震源深度	20 km（12 mi）
震央	39°46′N 39°35′E / 39.77°N 39.58°E
斷層	北安那托利亞斷層
類型	斷層
影響地區	土耳其埃爾津詹省
最大烈度	Ⅻ度（MMI，USGS）
海嘯	0.53米（1呎9吋）
傷亡	約32,968人死亡 ; 約10萬人受傷

1939年埃爾津詹地震為1939年12月27日清晨1點57分23秒（當地時間）發生在土耳其東部埃爾津詹省的強烈地震，震級為M_W 7.8級，震源深度為20公里，最大烈度為XII（12）度，與2023年加濟安泰普地震並列為土耳其有歷史紀錄以來規模次大的地震（僅次於1668年北安那托利亞地震）^[4]，為北安那托利亞斷層錯動造成^[5]^[6]。此次地震為20世紀土耳其死傷最慘重的天災，共有32,968人罹難^[6]，約10萬人受傷^[7]，超過11萬棟房屋嚴重受損^[8]，促使土耳其政府推動建築防震的法規^[9]。

此次地震搖晃了約52秒^[10]，並引發黑海高1-3米的海嘯^[11]。地震爆發當下死亡人數統計約為8,000人，隔天即上升至2萬人，且時值攝氏-30度的嚴寒，截至隔年1月5日，近33,000人因地震與隨之而來的暴風雪和洪水而罹難^[12]。

參見

1992年埃爾津詹地震

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ISC, ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009), Version 2.0, International Seismological Centre, 2015 [2023-02-07], （原始內容存檔於2016-11-25）
^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS), Significant Earthquake Database, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, 1972 [2023-02-07], doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K, （原始內容存檔於2019-12-11）
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 USGS, PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey, September 4, 2009 [2023-02-07], （原始內容存檔於2020-07-17）
^ Historic Worldwide Earthquakes. United States Geological Survey. [27 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於25 August 2009）.
^ Erzincan, Turkey, 1939 December 26 23:57 UTC, Magnitude 7.8. Historic Earthquakes. USGS. （原始內容存檔於23 March 2016）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Gürsoy, Halil; Tatar, Orhan; Akpınar, Zafer; Polat, Ali; Mesci, Levent; Tunçer, Doğan. New observations on the 1939 Erzincan Earthquake surface rupture on the Kelkit Valley segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey. Journal of Geodynamics. SI : Tethyan Evolution and Active Tectonics in Anatolia dedicated in honour of Prof. Dr. Ali Koçyiğit’s retirement. 2013-04-01, 65: 259–271 [2023-02-07]. Bibcode:2013JGeo...65..259G. ISSN 0264-3707. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2012.06.002. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-12）.
^ Gürsoy, H.; Akpınar, Z.; Tatar, O.; Koçbulut, F.; Sezen, T.F.; Mesci, B.L.; Polat, A.; Kavak, K.Ş.; Tunçer, D.; Yaman, S. 1939 Erzincan depremi yüzey kırığı haritalama çalışmaları (Reşadiye batısı - Koyulhisar arası): ilk gözlemlere ait bulgular (PDF). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi: 2–4. November 2006. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於23 November 2009）（土耳其語）.
^ Flight, Tim. The Erzincan Earthquake killed around 33, 000 people on December 26th 1939. History Collection. 26 December 2018 [2023-02-07]. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-12）.
^ Reitherman, R. Earthquakes and Engineers: An International History. American Society of Civil Engineers（英語：American Society of Civil Engineers）. 2012: 226–228. ISBN 978-0-7844-1071-4.
^ Erzincan depreminin 80.yıl dönümü! Büyük Erzincan depremi kaç şiddetinde oldu?. Sabah. 27 December 2019 [31 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於27 December 2019）（土耳其語）.
^ Tsunami Türkiye'yi de vurmuş. Hürriyet. [2020-12-30]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-27）（土耳其語）.
^ Ranguelov, Boyko. The Erzincan 1939 Earthquake (PDF). Second Balkan Geophysical Conference and Exhibition. [26 December 2012]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2013-10-05）.

[ISC-GEM-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ISC, ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009), Version 2.0, International Seismological Centre, 2015 [2023-02-07], （原始內容存檔於2016-11-25）

[NGDC-2] National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS), Significant Earthquake Database, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, 1972 [2023-02-07], doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K, （原始內容存檔於2019-12-11）

[PAGER-CAT-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 USGS, PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey, September 4, 2009 [2023-02-07], （原始內容存檔於2020-07-17）

[4] Historic Worldwide Earthquakes. United States Geological Survey. [27 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於25 August 2009）.

[USGS-5] Erzincan, Turkey, 1939 December 26 23:57 UTC, Magnitude 7.8. Historic Earthquakes. USGS. （原始內容存檔於23 March 2016）.

[:0-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Gürsoy, Halil; Tatar, Orhan; Akpınar, Zafer; Polat, Ali; Mesci, Levent; Tunçer, Doğan. New observations on the 1939 Erzincan Earthquake surface rupture on the Kelkit Valley segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey. Journal of Geodynamics. SI : Tethyan Evolution and Active Tectonics in Anatolia dedicated in honour of Prof. Dr. Ali Koçyiğit’s retirement. 2013-04-01, 65: 259–271 [2023-02-07]. Bibcode:2013JGeo...65..259G. ISSN 0264-3707. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2012.06.002. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-12）.

[7] Gürsoy, H.; Akpınar, Z.; Tatar, O.; Koçbulut, F.; Sezen, T.F.; Mesci, B.L.; Polat, A.; Kavak, K.Ş.; Tunçer, D.; Yaman, S. 1939 Erzincan depremi yüzey kırığı haritalama çalışmaları (Reşadiye batısı - Koyulhisar arası): ilk gözlemlere ait bulgular (PDF). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi: 2–4. November 2006. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於23 November 2009）（土耳其語）.

[8] Flight, Tim. The Erzincan Earthquake killed around 33, 000 people on December 26th 1939. History Collection. 26 December 2018 [2023-02-07]. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-12）.

[9] Reitherman, R. Earthquakes and Engineers: An International History. American Society of Civil Engineers（英語：American Society of Civil Engineers）. 2012: 226–228. ISBN 978-0-7844-1071-4.

[10] Erzincan depreminin 80.yıl dönümü! Büyük Erzincan depremi kaç şiddetinde oldu?. Sabah. 27 December 2019 [31 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於27 December 2019）（土耳其語）.

[11] Tsunami Türkiye'yi de vurmuş. Hürriyet. [2020-12-30]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-27）（土耳其語）.

[BRanguelO8-13-12] Ranguelov, Boyko. The Erzincan 1939 Earthquake (PDF). Second Balkan Geophysical Conference and Exhibition. [26 December 2012]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2013-10-05）.

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