里法特·阿里爾
里法特·阿里爾（阿拉伯語：رفعت العرعير，羅馬化：Rifaʿat al-ʿAriʿīr；1979年9月23日—2023年12月6日[2]）是巴勒斯坦學者、詩人、作家與社會運動家[3]。他於1979年出生於以色列佔領下的加沙地帶加薩市舒加艾耶[4]，2001年自加沙伊斯蘭大學獲英語文學學士學位，2007年自英國倫敦大學學院獲碩士學位，2017年自馬來西亞博特拉大學獲英語文學博士學位，論文主題為十七世紀的英國詩人約翰·多恩詩作[5][6]。
| 里法特·阿里爾 رفعت العرعير | |
|---|---|
| 出生 | 1979年9月23日 加沙地帶加薩市舒加艾耶 |
| 逝世 | 2023年12月6日（44歲） 加沙地帶加薩市舒加艾耶 |
| 死因 | 以色列空襲 |
| 國籍 | 巴勒斯坦人 |
| 職業 | 教授、社會運動者 |
| 配偶 | Nusayba[1] |
| 兒女 | 6 |
| 學術背景 | |
| 母校 | |
| 學術工作 | |
| 學科 | 英語文學 |
| 研究機構 | 加沙伊斯蘭大學 |
| 著名作品 |
|
2007年起阿里爾在加沙伊斯蘭大學教授文學與創意寫作[1]，主要講授莎士比亞詩作[7][8]，但其授課內容也包括以色列詩人耶胡達·阿米亥作品，他指後者的詩作「美麗但危險」[9]。另外阿里爾也是非政府組織我們不是數字的共同創辦人，為加沙地帶的青年提供英語寫作教學，以幫助他們講述對抗以色列佔領的故事[10][11]。阿里爾先後於2014年與2015年出版短篇故事集Gaza Writes Back與Gaza Unsilenced，並於受訪時表示其目標為「為未來的世代留下證言」[12]。
阿里爾生前經常也撰文批判以色列，以色列—哈瑪斯戰爭期間曾受BBC、Democracy Now!與ABC新聞專訪[13][14][15]，他指哈瑪斯突襲以色列的阿克薩洪水行動為正當且道德的，並將其與二戰期間的華沙猶太區起義相提並論，引發相當爭議[16]；另外他也否認該行動中有性暴力發生，指其為將加薩種族滅絕正當化的謊言[17][18]。阿里爾自戰爭爆發後就拒絕離開加沙地帶北部[19]，2023年12月6日晚間6點左右，阿里爾與數名家人在加薩北部死於以色列軍隊的空襲[3][20][21]，非政府組織歐洲-地中海人權監察表示阿里爾顯然是被以軍作為直接目標攻擊，其住家遭精確的外科手術式打擊，且阿里爾死前已收到數次來自以方的死亡威脅[20]。阿里爾的遺作「如果我必須死亡」（If I must die）廣為流傳，已被翻譯成超過40種語言[17][22][23]。
個人生活
里法特·阿里爾已婚並育有6名子女。他的一名兄弟（Hamada）與其妻Nusayba的祖父、兄弟、姐妹和三名姪女都在2014年加沙戰爭死於以軍轟炸[20]。2021年以巴衝突期間他曾在《紐約時報》撰文講述戰爭對其子女的影響[24]。在工作之外，阿里爾也在動物園擔任志工[25][26]。
作品
編作
- Alareer, Refaat (編). Gaza Writes Back: Short Stories from Young Writers in Gaza, Palestine. Charlottesville, VA: Just World Books. 2014 [2024-03-03]. ISBN 978-1-935982-35-7. （原始內容存檔於2024-04-27）.
- Alareer, Refaat; El-Haddad, Laila (編). Gaza Unsilenced. Charlottesville, VA: Just World Books. 2015 [2024-03-03]. ISBN 978-1-935982-55-5. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-27）.
短文
- Alareer, Refaat. My Child Asks, 'Can Israel Destroy Our Building if the Power Is Out?'. The New York Times. 13 May 2021 [7 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於7 December 2023）.
- Alareer, Refaat. Gaza Asks: When Shall This Pass?. Abusalim, Jehad; Bing, Jennifer; Merryman-Lotze, Michael (編). Light in Gaza: Writings Born of Fire. Chicago, Illinois: AFSC and Haymarket Books. 2022: 15–28 [2024-03-03]. ISBN 978-1-64259-725-7. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-01）.
- Alareer, Refaat. They even keep our corpses: Dying in Israeli prisons. Scalawag Magazine. 20 June 2023 [11 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-06）.
And in a display of extreme cruelty, the officer's callous words echoed through the air, reverberating with the weight of a thousand fatherless nights. With a smirk, he brazenly boasted to the grief-stricken son, "I killed your father." The room fell into an abyss of silence. Time stood still, shattered by the impact of those haunting syllables. 'It was like they killed my father twice.'
論文
- Alareer, Refaat R. Unframing John Donne's Transgressive Poetry in Light of Bakhtin's Dialogic Theories (PDF) (Ph.D.論文). Serdang, Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia. August 2017 [10 December 2023]. OCLC 1121182447. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-03-25）.
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Sheehan, Dan. Poet and scholar Refaat Alareer has been killed by an Israeli airstrike. Literary Hub. 7 December 2023 [7 December 2023].
- ^ 'If I must die, you must live to tell my story…': Israel targets and kills beloved poet Refaat Alareer. Beirut Today. 9 December 2023 [10 December 2023].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Tributes pour in for Gaza's 'most prominent' academic, killed in Israeli attack. Al Jazeera. 7 December 2023 [7 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於15 December 2023）.
- ^ Casagrande, Orsola. Renaat Alareer: Living under Israeli occupation. ANF News. 19 October 2018 [8 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-08）.
- ^ Refaat Alareer. American Friends Service Committee. 21 January 2016 [7 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-08）.
- ^ Alareer, Refaat R. Unframing John Donne's Transgressive Poetry in Light of Bakhtin's Dialogic Theories (PDF) (Ph.D.論文). Serdang, Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia. August 2017 [10 December 2023]. OCLC 1121182447. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-03-25）.
- ^ Refaat Alareer. Palestine Book Awards. [7 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於30 November 2022）.
- ^ Edwards, Jonathan. A Gazan professor wrote a poem 'If I Must Die.' He was killed in a bombing.. Washington Post. 2023-12-14 [2023-12-15]. ISSN 0190-8286.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick. In Gaza, a Contentious Palestinian Professor Calmly Teaches Israeli Poetry. The New York Times. 16 November 2021 [7 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於14 November 2023）.
- ^ Saab, Sheren. Young Gazans' First Step Toward Liberation: Writing. Haaretz. 30 October 2022 [9 June 2023]. （原始內容存檔於11 November 2022）.
- ^ Palestinian Poet Refaat Alareer Killed In Gaza Strike. Barrons. 7 December 2023 [8 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於8 December 2023）.
- ^ The Story Behind 'Gaza Writes Back'. Palestine Chronicle. 21 May 2016 [7 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於9 December 2022）.
- ^ Refaat Alareer in Gaza: Israel's "Barbaric" Bombardment Is Part of Ethnic Cleansing Campaign. Democracy Now!. 10 October 2023 [7 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於15 October 2023）.
- ^ Refaat Alareer remarks on Gaza hospital blast. ABC News. 18 October 2023 [7 December 2023].
- ^ Greyman-Kennard, Danielle. Hamas terror against Israel like 'Warsaw Ghetto uprising', says BBC guest. The Jerusalem Post. 8 October 2023 [7 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於27 November 2023）.
- ^ Refaat Alareer: Palestinians mourn writer killed in air strike. BBC (BBC News). 7 December 2023 [8 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於8 December 2023）.
- ^ 17.0 17.1 AFP. Palestinian poet Refaat Alareer killed in Gaza. The Guardian. 8 December 2023 [8 December 2023]. ISSN 0261-3077. （原始內容存檔於8 December 2023）.
- ^ Zaanoun, Adel. Tributes Pour In For Controversial Palestinian Poet Killed In Gaza. Barron's. 8 December 2023 [8 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於8 December 2023）.
- ^ UCL urged to issue statement on ex student's death. BBC News. 2023-12-13 [2023-12-17]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-20）.
- ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Israeli Strike on Refaat al-Areer Apparently Deliberate. Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor. 8 December 2023 [8 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於8 December 2023）.
- ^ Salman, Sana Noor Haq, Abeer. Prominent Gaza professor and writer killed in airstrike, weeks after telling CNN he and his family had 'nowhere else to go'. CNN. 2023-12-11 [2023-12-17]. （原始內容存檔於2024-04-10）.
- ^ Sheehan, Dan. Watch Brian Cox read "If I Must Die" by murdered Palestinian poet Refaat Alareer.. Literary Hub. 2023-12-13 [2023-12-15]. （原始內容存檔於13 December 2023）.
- ^ Alareer, Refaat [@itranslate123]. If I must die, let it be a tale. #FreePalestine #Gaza (推文) –透過Twitter. Missing or empty |date= (help)
- ^ My Child Asks, 'Can Israel Destroy Our Building if the Power Is Out?'. Refaat Alareer. New York Times. 13 May 2021 [13 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於7 December 2023）.
- ^ Starvation and airstrikes killed majority of the animals in Gaza zoo. YouTube. Al Jazeera. [21 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-25）.
- ^ 'Killed or Starved to Death' – Gaza Animals not Spared in Israeli Assault. The Palestine Chronicle. 2 December 2023 [21 December 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2024-04-17）.
