自由亞洲電台 (自由亞洲委員會)
自由亞洲電台是一家新聞機構，由美國中央情報局通過自由亞洲委員會於1951年至1955年間運營，旨在傳播反共宣傳。[1][2][3][4][5]:120
由自由亞洲委員會運營的自由亞洲電台於1951年首次從菲律賓馬尼拉的美國無線電公司設施播出。廣播以三種中國方言和英語進行。[3]在東京設有辦事處，除了菲律賓外，還在孟加拉國達卡和巴基斯坦卡拉奇進行廣播。儘管該新聞機構打算向中國大陸以及海外華人及其他地區傳播反共宣傳，但在這一過程中遇到了困難。[3]在中國大陸，個人收音機擁有率很低，而在亞洲其他地區，收音機接收效果很差。[1][3]
1953年，自由亞洲委員會決定終止該項目。[6]最終，該項目於1955年停播。[1]不過，直到1966年，自由亞洲電台仍在首爾的新設施中繼續進行宣傳廣播。[7][8]
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Worldwide Propaganda Network Built by the C.I.A.. The New York Times. 1977-12-26 [2019-12-20]. （原始內容存檔於2019-07-04）.
Far more obscure were two other C.I.A. broadcasting ventures, Radio Free Asia and a rather tenuous operation known as Free Cuba Radio. … [Radio Free Asia] was an arm of the Committee for Free Asia, and the C.I.A. thought of it as the beginning of an operation in the Far East that would rival Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty.
- ^ David Welch. Propaganda, Power and Persuasion: From World War I to Wikileaks. I.B.Tauris. 27 November 2013 [January 3, 2019]. ISBN 978-0-85773-737-3. （原始內容存檔於August 19, 2020）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Central Intelligence Agency. Memorandum For: Special Assistant to the President; International Radio Broadcasting by Radio Free Asia (PDF). foia.cia.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. 1 April 1953 [10 November 2015]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於March 4, 2016）.
- ^ Why Voice of America matters outside US. BBC News. 2016-12-15 [2021-05-01] （英國英語）.
- ^ Engelhardt, Tom. The end of victory culture : cold war America and the disillusioning of a generation 2nd paperback. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. 1998 [6 July 2021]. ISBN 1-55849-133-3.
[Allen Dulles] travelled untold secret miles, addressing global audiences through a media all his own - CIA funded operations like Radio Free Europe, Radio Free Asia, and Radio Liberation, which claimed to be "private non-governmental" services.
- ^ Shen, Shuang. "Empire of Information: The Asia Foundation's Network and Chinese-Language Cultural Production in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia." American Quarterly 69, no. 3 (2017): 589-610. doi:10.1353/aq.2017.0052.
- ^ Daya Kishan Thussu: "International Communication". Continuity and Change (Arnold 2000). p. 37. ISBN 0-340-74130-9.
- ^ Taylor, Phillip. Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media since 1945. Routledge. 1997: 43. ISBN 0-203-73786-5.
- ^ Cull, Nicholas. RFE/RL. Propaganda and Mass Persuasion. ABC-CLIO, LLC. 2003. ISBN 1-57607-820-5.