勝利花園
勝利花園(英語:Victory gardens,war gardens,food gardens for defense)是戰爭期間在私人住宅院落和公園開闢的蔬菜種植地,一戰和二戰期間美國、英國、加拿大和德國都推行過該運動以減輕戰時的食品供給壓力。[1]二戰期間各地的「勝利花園」提供了美國國內三分之一的蔬菜供給。[2]除了間接地支援戰爭外,勝利花園也是鼓舞平民士氣的手段之一[3] ,它使參與者感受到其勞動為戰時生活所作出的貢獻,亦是戰時後方生活的一部分。
戰後
1946年,戰爭結束後,許多英國居民沒有種植勝利花園,以期獲得更多食物。然而,英國仍然存在短缺,並且至少在 1954 年之前對某些食品實施配給制。
倫敦薩頓薩頓花園郊區中心的土地在第二次世界大戰期間首次被用作勝利花園;在此之前,它曾被用作帶網球場的休閒場所。這片土地繼續被當地居民用作分配地長達 50 多年,直到 1997 年被當時的土地所有者驅逐。[4]
馬薩諸塞州波士頓後灣沼澤的芬威勝利花園和明尼蘇達州明尼阿波利斯的道林社區花園仍然活躍,是二戰時期僅存的公共花園。芬威勝利花園的大部分地塊現在都種植花卉而不是蔬菜,而道林社區花園則繼續以蔬菜為主。[5]
參考資料
- ^ Victory gardens (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Australian War Memorial encyclopedia
- ^ Kallen, Stuart A. The war at home. San Diego: Lucent Books. 2000. ISBN 1-56006-531-1.
- ^ Caves, R. W. Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. 2004: 751. ISBN 978-0415862875.
- ^ Sutton Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal 互聯網檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2016-10-09.
- ^ Dowling Community Garden History. [2024-10-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-28).
延伸閱讀
- Hayden-Smith, Rose. Sowing the Seeds of Victory: American Gardening Programs of World War I. McFarland Books. 2014: 264 [2014-05-26]. ISBN 978-0-7864-7020-4. (原始內容存檔於2018-12-26).
- Hayden-Smith, Rose. Soldiers of the Soil: The Work of the United States School Garden Army in World War 1. University of California 4-H Youth Development Center. 2005 [12 May 2014]. (原始內容存檔於2020-12-09).
- Kuhn, Clifford M., "『It Was a Long Way from Perfect, but It Was Working』: The Canning and Home Production Initiatives in Green County, Georgia, 1940–1942," Agricultural History (2012) 86#1 pp 68–90.
外部連結
- Recipe for Victory: Food and Cooking in Wartime (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- PBS: The Victory Garden (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- A Visual History of Victory Gardens curated by Michigan State University
- Victory Gardens Handbook of the Victory Garden Committee War Services, Pennsylvania State Council of Defense (April 1944)
- Victory Garden complete film at archive.org
- History of Urban Gardening in the United States (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- GARDENS FOR VICTORY reference pubbed Mar. 1942, intro/first chapter (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Victory Garden Initiative - a grassroots organization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin promoting revival of the victory garden movement as a means to address food system and environmental issues. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Oldest Remaining Victory Gardens in Boston (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Watch the 1943 propaganda film He Plants for Victory (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)