小包腳菇屬
光柄菇科的一属真菌
小包腳菇屬（學名：Volvariella）是光柄菇科的一個屬，其下有約50種物種[1]，多生長於草原、樹林的土壤中，有至少一種物種（立起小包腳菇）寄生於其他蕈類[2]。本屬物種的子實體多缺乏蕈環，具有類似鵝膏菌屬的蕈托，蕈褶中菌髓發育型態為逆向菌髓（inverse trama，即菌髓發育成熟後，子實下層的菌絲會朝菌髓側生長）[3]，擔孢子表面平滑、梅澤試劑檢驗結果為陰性（即不含有類澱粉蛋白），孢子印則多為深粉紅色[3]。有些物種外形與鵝膏菌屬的類群相當類似，但後者多具有蕈環，且孢子印呈白色[1]。
小包腳菇屬
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| 銀絲草菇 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 門： | 擔子菌門 Basidiomycota |
| 綱： | 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes |
| 目： | 傘菌目 Agaricales |
| 科： | 光柄菇科 Pluteaceae |
| 屬： | 小包腳菇屬 Volvariella |
| 模式種 | |
| 小包腳菇 Volvariella argentina Speg. (1898)
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| 異名 | |
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2002年，有分子系統發生學研究顯示小包腳菇屬與裂褶菌屬與牛排菌屬的親緣關係較為接近[4]，但2011年的研究不支持此一結論，而顯示小包腳菇屬是一個複系群，因此將粘蓋包腳菇等部分物種分出，歸入新屬Volvopluteus，為光柄菇屬的姊妹群，原小包腳菇屬的核心類群則與蠅頭菌屬與拱頂菌屬的親緣關係較為接近[3]。
物種
本屬包括以下物種：[5]
- Volvariella aethiops A. Favre & Vialard
- Volvariella alabamensis (Murrill) Shaffer
- Volvariella alachuana (Murrill) Shaffer
- Volvariella apalotricha (Berk. & Broome) Pegler
- Volvariella arenaria (Pat.) Singer
- 小包腳菇 Volvariella argentina Speg.
- 巴氏小包腳菇 Volvariella bakeri (Murrill) Shaffer
- Volvariella bingensis (Beeli) Shaffer
- 銀絲草菇 Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer，絲蓋小包腳菇
- 冬小包腳菇 Volvariella brumalis S.C. He
- Volvariella caesiotincta P.D. Orton
- Volvariella californica (Earle) Singer
- Volvariella canalipes (Murrill) Shaffer
- Volvariella castanea (Massee) G.C. Rath
- Volvariella cinerascens (Bres.) M.M. Moser
- Volvariella clarkeae Grgur.
- Volvariella cnemidophora (Mont.) Singer
- Volvariella congolensis N.C. Pathak
- Volvariella cookei Contu
- 古巴小包腳菇 Volvariella cubensis (Murrill) Shaffer
- Volvariella cygnopotamia (Berk.) Singer
- Volvariella delicatula (Massee) Manjula
- 雙體小包腳菇 Volvariella diplasia (Berk. & Broome) Singer
- Volvariella dunensis (Vila, Àngel & Llimona) Justo & M.L. Castro
- 美味草菇 Volvariella esculenta (Massee) Singer，可食小包腳菇
- Volvariella fuscidula (Bres.) M.M. Moser ex Shaffer
- Volvariella glandiformis (Berk. & Broome) Pegler
- 黏蓋草菇 Volvariella gloiocephala (DC.) Boekhout & Enderle
- Volvariella goossensiae (Beeli) Shaffer
- Volvariella guttulosa E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
- Volvariella heterospora Menolli & Capelari
- 白毛小包腳菇 Volvariella hypopithys (Fr.) Shaffer
- Volvariella indica M.K. Saini, N.J. Kaur & Atri
- Volvariella insignis Heinem.
- 伊朗小包腳菇 Volvariella iranica (Fallahyan) Szczepka
- Volvariella islagarciae Raithelh.
- 牙買加小包腳菇 Volvariella jamaicensis (Murrill) Shaffer
- 朝鮮小包腳菇 Volvariella koreana Seok, Yang S. Kim, K.M. Park, W.G. Kim, K.H. Yoo & I.C. Park
- Volvariella krizii Pilát
- Volvariella lepiotospora Singer
- Volvariella leucocalix Sá & Wartchow
- Volvariella liliputiana (Henn.) G.C. Rath
- Volvariella macrospora Singer
- Volvariella mammosa N.C. Pathak
- 間型小包腳菇 Volvariella media (Schumach.) Singer
- Volvariella microspila (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) S. Ito
- Volvariella minuta M. Kumar bis, Jagad. & Kaviy.
- Volvariella minutella Courtec.
- Volvariella morozovae E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
- 灰小包腳菇 Volvariella murinella (Quél.) M.M. Moser ex Dennis, P.D. Orton & Hora
- Volvariella nana Pegler
- Volvariella nauseosa (Romagn.) Vizzini & Contu
- Volvariella nigrodisca Shaffer
- Volvariella nigrovolvacea Kosina
- 雪白小包腳菇 Volvariella nivea T.H. Li & Xiang L. Chen
- Volvariella niveosulcata E.F. Malysheva, O.V. Morozova & A.V. Alexandrova
- Volvariella nullicystidiata Menolli & Capelari
- Volvariella oswaldoi (Bat.) Putzke
- Volvariella palmicola (Beeli) Heinem.
- Volvariella paraguayensis (Speg.) Shaffer
- Volvariella parvispora Heinem.
- Volvariella peckii (G.F. Atk.) Shaffer
- Volvariella pellucida Shaffer
- Volvariella perciliata Courtec.
- Volvariella platensis (Speg.) Shaffer
- Volvariella psammophila Singer
- 擬苞小包腳菇 Volvariella pseudovolvacea (Berk. & Broome) Singer
- Volvariella ptilotricha E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
- Volvariella pulla E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
- 矮小包腳菇 Volvariella pusilla (Pers.) Singer
- Volvariella rava T.H. Li & Jiang Xu
- Volvariella reidii Heinem.
- Volvariella rondoniensis Singer
- Volvariella rostricystidiata Niego, Sysouph. & Raspé 2021[6]
- Volvariella sathei Senthil., Rah. Sharma & S.K. Singh
- Volvariella smithii Shaffer
- Volvariella stercoraria (Peck) Singer
- Volvariella strangulata (Romagn.) Vizzini & Contu
- Volvariella striata N.C. Pathak
- 褐毛小包腳菇 Volvariella subtaylorii Hongo
- Volvariella subxerophytica Singer
- 立起小包腳菇 Volvariella surrecta (Knapp) Singer
- 小絨苞小包腳菇 Volvariella taylorii (Berk. & Broome) Singer
- 裂托小包腳菇 Volvariella terastia (Berk. & Broome) Singer
- Volvariella terrea Musumeci & A. Riva
- Volvariella thwaitesii (Hook. f.) G.C. Rath
- 毛托小包腳菇 Volvariella villosovolva (Lloyd) Singer
- 草菇 Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer
- Volvariella woodrowiana (Massee) Manjula
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立起小包腳菇 -
草菇 -
銀絲草菇
參考資料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 2008: 727. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ^ Shaffer R. Volvariella in North America. Mycologia. 1957, 49 (4): 545–79 (see pp. 574–5). JSTOR 3756159. doi:10.2307/3756159.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Justo A, Vizzini A, Minnis AM, Menolli N Jr, Capelari M, Rodríguez O, Malysheva E, Contu M, Ghignone S, Hibbett DS. Phylogeny of the Pluteaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): taxonomy and character evolution 115 (1). Fungal Biology: 1-20. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.012.
- ^ Moncalvo JM, et al. One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 23 (3): 357–400 [2018-12-07]. PMID 12099793. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-17）.
- ^ Volvariella Speg., 1898. GBIF. [2022-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-12）.
- ^ Niego, Allen Grace T., Sysouphanthong, Phongeun, Thongklang, Naritsada, et al. A new species of Volvariella and the first record of Volvariella pulla (Agaricales: incertae sedis) from Thailand[J]. PHYTOTAXA, 2021, 480(3):237-250