卡本特訴合眾國案
卡本特訴合眾國案（英語：Carpenter v. United States[1]），是美國最高法院的一個里程碑式的判例，涉及手機位置資訊（CSLI）的私隱問題。[2]美國首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨提出的5–4判決之裁定，致法院認爲美國政府違反了美國憲法第四修正案，即因政府搜查了手機位置資訊的歷史記錄，其中也包含沒有搜查令的手機之實際位置資訊。
| 卡本特訴合眾國案 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| 辯論：2017年11月29日 判決：2018年6月22日 | |||||
| 案件全名 | Timothy Ivory Carpenter v. United States of America | ||||
| 訴訟記錄號 | 16-402 | ||||
| 引註案號 | 585 U.S. ___ 138 S. Ct. 2206; 201 L. Ed. 2d 507 | ||||
| 既往案件 | A jury in the District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan convicted Timothy Carpenter of armed robbery. The conviction was affirmed by Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016); cert. granted, 137 S. Ct. 2211 (2017). | ||||
| 辯論 | 口頭辯論 | ||||
| 法庭判決 | |||||
| Government acquisition of cell-site records is a Fourth Amendment search, and, thus, generally requires a warrant. | |||||
| 最高法院法官 | |||||
| |||||
| 法庭意見 | |||||
| 多數意見 | 羅伯茨 聯名：金斯伯格、布雷耶、索托馬約爾、卡根 | ||||
| 不同意見 | 甘迺迪 聯名：托馬斯、阿利托 | ||||
| 不同意見 | 托馬斯 | ||||
| 不同意見 | 阿利托 聯名：托馬斯 | ||||
| 不同意見 | 戈薩奇 | ||||
註釋
- ^ No. 16-402, 585 U.S. ____ (2018) (PDF). [2020-11-09]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-06-22）.
- ^ Ng, Alfred. Supreme Court says warrant necessary for phone location data in win for Privacy. cnet.com. June 22, 2018 [June 22, 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-22）.
延伸閲讀
- Trevor Burrus & James Knight, Katz Nipped and Katz Cradled: Carpenter and the Evolving Fourth Amendment, 2017-2018 Cato Sup. Ct. Rev. 79 (2018)
- Caminker, Evan. Location Tracking and Digital Data: Can Carpenter Build a Stable Privacy Doctrine?. Supreme Court Review. 1 May 2019, 2018: 411–481 [2020-11-09]. ISSN 0081-9557. doi:10.1086/702164. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-22）.
- Donohue, Laura K. Functional Equivalence and Residual Rights Post-Carpenter: Framing a Test Consistent with Precedent and Original Meaning. Supreme Court Review. 1 May 2019, 2018: 347–410. ISSN 0081-9557. doi:10.1086/704133.
- Susan Freiwald & Stephen Wm. Smith, The Supreme Court, 2017 Term — Comment: The Carpenter Chronicle: A Near-Perfect Surveillance, 132 Harv. L. Rev. 205 (2018)
- Chaker, Vania. Your Spying Smartphone: Individual Privacy Is Narrowly Strengthened in Carpenter v. United States, The U.S. Supreme Court's Most Recent Fourth Amendment Ruling. Journal of Tech Law. 21 September 2018 [21 September 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-27）.
- Chaker, Vania. Chimaera I: Chimaera Unleashed: The Specter of Warrantless Governmental Intrusion Is a Phantom that Has Achieved Greater Life in the Ether of Internet Communications. Journal of Tech Law. 6 August 201, 23 [6 August 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-19）.
參見
外部連結
- Carpenter v. United States, No. 16-402, 585 U.S. ____ (2018)的文本可參見：Justia · Supreme Court (slip opinion)
- Case page （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） at SCOTUSblog