霍瑞修·愛爾傑
小霍瑞修·愛爾傑（英語：Horatio Alger, Jr，1832年1月13日—1899年7月18日）是19世紀的一位多產的美國作家，以少年小說而聞名。
| 霍瑞修·愛爾傑 Horatio Alger, Jr. | |
|---|---|
 Alger在19世紀80年代 | |
| 出生 | 1832年1月13日 美國馬薩諸塞州切爾西 |
| 逝世 | 1899年7月18日（67歲） 美國馬薩諸塞州Natick |
| 筆名 | Carl Cantab Arthur Hamilton Caroline F. Preston Arthur Lee Putnam Julian Starr |
| 職業 | 作家 |
| 國籍 | 美國 |
| 體裁 | 兒童文學 |
| 代表作 | 《衣衫襤褸的迪克》（Ragged Dick，1868年） |
愛爾傑出生在新英格蘭沿海城市馬薩諸塞州的切爾西市[1][2]。1848年，16歲的他進入哈佛學院學習。[3]17歲，他成為一名專業作家。畢業後，曾在波士頓雜誌做編輯工作。此後做過家庭教師和記者。
1899年7月18日因哮喘死於姐姐家中。
風格和主題
愛爾傑小說的風格大多一致，均描述着一個貧窮的少年是如何通過其正直、努力、少許運氣以及堅持不懈最終取得成功。
影響
愛爾傑創作顛峰時期，正值美國由農業社會到工業社會轉型的艱難過渡期。歷史學家認為，愛爾傑的作品絕不僅局限於其有趣的故事本身。小說中描述的通過自身的努力以獲得成功的主人公，給予了大量當時美國窮人力量，信心及動力去更加刻苦工作來換取成功。
作品
| 題目 | 日期 | 類型 |
|---|---|---|
| "Voices of the Past" | 1849 | 詩 |
| Fair Harvard | 1852 | |
| "A Welcome to May" | 1853 | 詩 |
| Bertha's Christmas Vision: An Autumn Sheaf | 1856 | 詩歌和短篇小說 |
| Nothing to Do: A Tilt at Our Best Society | 1857 | Poem. |
| Nothing To Eat | 1857 | |
| He Has Gone, and I Have Sent Him! | 1862 | 詩 |
| Marie Bertrand | 1864 | 成人小說 |
| Frank's Campaign; or, What Boys Can Do on the Farm for the Camp | 1864 | 少年小說 |
| Paul Prescott's Charge: A Story for Boys | 1865 | 少年小說 |
| Charlie Codman's Cruise: A Story for Boys | 1866 | 少年小說 |
| Helen Ford | 1866 | 成人小說 |
| Timothy Crump's Ward; or, The New Years Loan, And What Became of It | 1866 | 成人小說 |
| John Maynard: A Ballad of Lake Erie | 1868 | 詩 |
| Ragged Dick; or, Street Life in New York with the Bootblacks | 1868 | 少年小說 |
| Fame and Fortune; or, The Progress of Richard Hunter | 1868 | 少年小說 |
| Struggling Upward; or, Luke Larkin's Luck | 1868 | 少年小說 |
| Luck and Pluck; or, John Oakley's Inheritance | 1869 | 少年小說 |
| Mark the Match Boy; or, Richard Hunter's Ward | 1869 | 少年小說 |
| Rough and Ready; or, Life Among the New York Newsboys | 1869 | 少年小說 |
| Ralph Raymond's Heir; or, The Merchant's Crime | 1869 | 短篇小說 |
| Ben The Luggage Boy; or, Among the Wharves | 1870 | 少年小說 |
| Rufus and Rose; or, The Fortunes of Rough and Ready | 1870 | 少年小說 |
| Sink or Swim; or, Harry Raymond's Resolve | 1870 | 少年小說 |
| Paul the Peddler; or the Fortunes of a Young Street Merchant | 1871 | 少年小說 |
| Strong and Steady; or, Paddle Your Own Canoe | 1871 | 少年小說 |
| Tattered Tom; or, The Story of a Street Arab | 1871 | 少年小說 |
| "Friar Anselmo" | 1872 | 詩 |
| Phil the Fiddler; or, The Story of a Young Street Musician | 1872 | 少年小說 |
| Slow and Sure; The Story of Paul Hoffman the Young Street-Merchant | 1872 | 少年小說 |
| Strive and Succeed; or, The Progress of Walter Conrad | 1872 | 少年小說 |
| Bound to Rise; or, Up the Ladder | 1873 | 少年小說 |
| Try and Trust; or, The Story of a Bound Boy | 1873 | 少年小說 |
| Brave and Bold; or, The Fortunes of Robert Rushton | 1874 | 少年小說 |
| Julius; or, The Street Boy Out West | 1874 | 少年小說 |
| Risen from the Ranks; or, Harry Walton's Success | 1874 | 少年小說 |
| Grand'ther Baldwin's Thanksgiving | 1875 | 詩 |
| Herbert Carter's Legacy; or, The Inventor's Son | 1875 | 少年小說 |
| Jack's Ward; or, The Boy Guardian | 1875 | 少年小說 |
| Seeking His Fortune, And Other Dialogues | 1875 | |
| St. Nicholas | 1875 | |
| The Young Outlaw; or, Adrift In The Streets | 1875 | 少年小說 |
| Sam's Chance; and How He Improved It | 1876 | 少年小說 |
| Shifting for Himself; or, Gilbert Greyson's Fortunes | 1876 | 少年小說 |
| Life of Edwin Forrest | 1877 | 傳記 |
| The New Schoolma'am; or, A Summer in North Sparta | 1877 | 成人中篇小說 |
| Wait and Hope; or, Ben Bradford's Motto | 1877 | 少年小說 |
| The Western Boy; or, The Road to Success | 1878 | |
| The Young Adventurer; or, Tom's Trip Across the Plains | 1878 | 少年小說 |
| The Telegraph Boy | 1879 | 少年小說 |
| The Young Miner; or, Tom Nelson in California | 1879 | 少年小說 |
| Tony the Hero | 1880 | |
| The Young Explorer; or, Among the Sierras | 1880 | 少年小說 |
| From Canal Boy to President; or, The Boyhood and Manhood of James A. Garfield | 1881 | 傳記 |
| Ben's Nugget; or, A Boy's Search for Fortune | 1882 | 少年小說 |
| From Farm Boy to Senator: Being the History of the Boyhood and Manhood of Daniel Webster | 1882 | 傳記 |
| Abraham Lincoln: the Backwoods Boy; or, How A Young Rail-Splitter Became President | 1883 | 傳記 |
| The Train Boy | 1883 | |
| The Young Circus Rider; or, The Mystery of Robert Rudd | 1883 | |
| Dan, the Detective | 1884 | |
| Do and Dare; or A Brave Boy's Fight for Fortune | 1884 | |
| Hector's Inheritance; or, The Boys of Smith Institute | 1885 | |
| Helping Himself; or, Grant Thornton's Ambition | 1886 | |
| Frank Fowler, the Cash Boy | 1887 | |
| Number 91; or, The Adventures of a New York Telegraph Boy | 1887 | |
| The Store Boy; or, The Fortunes of Ben Barclay | 1887 | |
| Bob Burton; or, The Young Ranchman of the Missouri | 1888 | |
| The Errand Boy; or, How Phil Brent Won Success | 1888 | |
| Tom Temple's Career | 1888 | |
| Tom Thatcher's Fortune | 1888 | |
| Tom Tracy | 1888 | |
| The Young Acrobat of the Great North American Circus | 1888 | 少年小說 |
| Luke Walton; or, The Chicago Newsboy | 1889 | |
| The Erie Train Boy | 1890 | |
| Five Hundred Dollars; or, Jacob Marlowe's Secret | 1890 | |
| Mark Stanton | 1890 | |
| Ned Newton; or, The Fortunes of a New York Bootblack | 1890 | 少年小說 |
| A New York Boy | 1890 | |
| The Odds Against Him; or, Carl Crawford's Experience | 1890 | |
| Dean Dunham; or, The Waterford Mystery | 1891 | |
| Digging for Gold. A Story of California | 1892 | |
| The Young Boatman of Pine Point | 1892 | |
| Cast Upon the Breakers | 1893 | |
| Facing the World; or, The Haps and Mishaps of Harry Vane | 1893 | |
| In a New World; or, Among the Gold-Fields of Australia | 1893 | |
| Only an Irish Boy; Or, Andy Burke's Fortunes and Misfortunes | 1894 | |
| Victor Vane, The Young Secretary | 1894 | |
| The Disagreeable Woman; A Social Mystery | 1895 | 成人小說 |
| Frank Hunter's Peril | 1896 | |
| The Young Salesman | 1896 | |
| Frank and Fearless; or, The Fortunes of Jasper Kent | 1897 | |
| Walter Sherwood's Probation | 1897 | |
| A Boy's Fortune; or, The Strange Adventures of Ben Baker | 1898 | |
| The Young Bank Messenger | 1898 | |
| Jed the Poorhouse Boy | 1899 | 少年小說 |
| Mark Mason's Victory; or, The Trials and Triumphs of a Telegraph Boy | 1899 | |
| Rupert's Ambition | 1899 | |
| Silas Snobden's Office Boy | 1899 | |
| A Debt of Honor. The Story of Gerald Lane's Success in the Far West | 1900 | |
| Falling in With Fortune; or, The Experiences of a Young Secretary | 1900 | |
| Out for Business; or, Robert Frost's Strange Career | 1900 | |
| Ben Bruce. Scenes in the Life of a Bowery Newsboy | 1901 | |
| Lester's Luck | 1901 | |
| Nelson the Newsboy; or, Afloat in New York | 1901 | |
| Tom Brace: Who He Was and How He Fared | 1901 | |
| Young Captain Jack; or, The Son of a Soldier | 1901 | 少年小說 |
| Adrift in the City; or, Oliver Conrad's Plucky Fight | 1902 | |
| Andy Grant's Pluck | 1902 | |
| A Rolling Stone; or, The Adventures of a Wanderer | 1902 | |
| Striving for Fortune; or, Walter Griffith's Trials and Successes | 1902 | |
| Tom Turner's Legacy | 1902 | |
| The World Before Him | 1902 | |
| Bernard Brooks' Adventures. The Story of a Brave Boy's Trials | 1903 | |
| Chester Rand; or, A New Path to Fortune | 1903 | |
| Forging Ahead | 1903 | |
| Adrift in New York; or, Tom and Florence Braving the World | 1904 | |
| Finding a Fortune | 1904 | |
| Jerry the Backwoods Boy; or, The Parkhurst Treasure | 1904 | |
| Lost at Sea; or, Robert Roscoe's Strange Cruise | 1904 | |
| From Farm to Fortune; or Nat Nason's Strange Experience | 1905 | |
| Making His Mark | 1905 | |
| Mark Manning's Mission. The Story of a Shoe Factory Boy | 1905 | |
| The Young Book Agent; or, Frank Hardy's Road to Success | 1905 | |
| Joe the Hotel Boy, or Winning Out by Pluck | 1906 | |
| Randy of the River; or, The Adventures of a Young Deckhand | 1906 | |
| The Young Musician; or, Fighting His Way | 1906 | |
| Ben Logan's Triumph; or, The Boys of Boxwood Academy | 1908 | |
| Wait and Win. The Story of Jack Drummond's Pluck | 1908 | |
| Robert Coverdale's Struggle; or, On the Wave of Success | 1910 | |
| Joe's Luck; or Always Wide Awake | 1913 | |
| The Cousin's Conspiracy | ||
| In Search of Treasure. The Story of Guy's Eventful Voyage |
註釋
參考文獻
- Alger, Horatio, Jr.; Hoeller, Hildegard (Ed.). Ragged Dick. Norton Critical Editions. W. W. Norton & Company. 2008. ISBN 978-0-393-92589-0.
- Alger, Horatio, Jr.; Trachtenberg, Alan. Ragged Dick. Signet Classic. 1990. ISBN 0-451-52480-2.
- Hoyt, Edwin P. Horatio's Boys. Chilton Book Company. 1974. ISBN 9780801959660.
- Nackenoff, Carol. The Fictional Republic. Oxford University Press. 1994. ISBN 0-19-507923-X.
- Scharnhorst, Gary. Horatio Alger, Jr.. Twayne Publishers. 1980. ISBN 0-8057-7252-9.
- Scharnhorst, Gary; Bales, Jack. The Lost Life of Horatio Alger, Jr.. Indiana University Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-253-14915-2.
研究資源
- The Papers of Horatio Alger, 1880-1953 (990 pieces) are housed at the Huntington Library.
- H. Jack Barker Papers, undated (3 liner feet) are housed at Emory University's Manuscripts, Archives, & Rare Book Library （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）.
- Seligman Family papers, 1877-1934 (0.8 linear feet) are housed at American Jewish Archives (Cincinnati, Ohio).
進一步閱讀
- Nackenoff, Carol. "The Horatio Alger Myth". In Myth America: A Historical Anthology, Volume II. 1997. Gerster, Patrick, and Cords, Nicholas. (editors.) Brandywine Press, St. James, NY. ISBN 1-881089-97-5
- Scharnhorst, Gary; Bales, Jack. Horatio Alger, Jr.: An Annotated Bibliography of Comment and Criticism. Scarecrow Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0-8108-1387-8.
外部連結
- Works by or about Horatio Alger at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
- Horatio Alger的作品 - 古騰堡計劃 (plain text and HTML)
- The Complete "Ragged Dick" Series on kindle. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- Horatio Alger Books On-Line 2 18 of Alger's works (with A Fancy of Hers, unique to this collection)
- Horatio Alger Books On-Line 3 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） 3 of Alger's works (with The Maniac's Secret, unique to this collection)
- Horatio Alger research page （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） at the University of Rochester
- Horatio Alger Society （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Home Page
- The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- The Horatio Alger Collection at Northern Illinois University
- The Horatio Alger Fellowship for the Study of American Popular Culture at Northern Illinois University