酞菁鑥

酞菁鑥
別名	雙酞菁鑥、雙酞菁鑥(III)
識別
CAS號
SMILES	C15=CC=CC=C1C6=NC9=C2C=CC=CC2=C(N=C4C3=CC=CC=C3C(=N4)N=C7C8=C(C(=NC5=N6)[N-]7)C=CC=C8)[N-]9.C%10%14=CC=CC=C%10C%15=NC%18=C%11C=CC=CC%11=C(N=C%13C%12=CC=CC=C%12C(=N%13)N=C%16C%17=C(C(=NC%14=N%15)[N-]%16)C=CC=C%17)[N-]%18.[Lu+3];
性質
化學式	LuC; 64H; 32N; 16
摩爾質量	1200.04 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外觀	綠色固體，氧化態為紅色，還原態為藍色
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

酞菁鑥（英語：Lutetium phthalocyanine），化學式LuPc
2，是一種酞菁配體稀土金屬離子配合物。由兩個酞菁配體與鑥離子組成。它是已知的第一種本徵半導體分子^[1]^[2]。其具有電致變色特性，在不同電壓下呈現不同的顏色。

結構

LuPc
2為兩個平面酞菁分子包埋Lu³⁺離子的雙層夾心結構。兩個酞菁環呈現交叉式構象排列，且配體的末端略微向外扭曲^[3]。配合物呈現非純粹配體（non-innocent ligand）性質，即大環配體含有額外的一個電子^[4]。它是一種自由基，未成對電子位於最高佔據軌道和最低未佔據軌道之間的半滿分子軌道中，使其電子性質可以進行精細調節^[3]。

性質

基於其自由基特性，LuPc
2與其烷氧基甲基衍生物（如Lu[(C
8H
17OCH
2)
8Pc]
2）都可以沉積形成具有本徵半導體特性的薄膜^[4]。與其他酞菁-金屬配合物相比具有更低的還原電位^[2]。

LuPc
2薄膜為綠色，被氧化則形成紅色的LuPc+
2，被還原則形成藍色的LuPc−
2，進兩步還原則依次變成深藍色和紫色^[4]。在溶有鹼金屬鹵化物的水溶液中，綠色/紅色氧化循環可以重複10,000多次，然後才被氫氧根降解；綠色/藍色氧化還原在水中降解得更快^[4]。

電性質

LuPc
2和其他酞菁鑭系金屬配合物在有機場效應電晶體薄膜的開發中有重要運用^[3]^[5]。

LuPc
2衍生物在某些特定分子的存在下可改變顏色。比如在氣體檢測器中^[2] ，硫醚衍生物Lu[(C
6H
13S)
8Pc]
2在NADH存在下可由綠色變成紫棕色^[6]。它也是氧化還原反應的良好催化劑，當其存在於反應中時，可降低氧化還原電位^[7]。

參考文獻

^ Belarbi, Z.; Sirlin, C.; Simon, J.; Andre, Jean Jacques. Electrical and magnetic properties of liquid crystalline molecular materials: lithium and lutetium phthalocyanine derivatives. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. November 1989, 93 (24): 8105–8110. doi:10.1021/j100361a026.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Trometer, M.; Even, R.; Simon, J.; Dubon, A.; Laval, J.-Y.; Germain, J.P.; Maleysson, C.; Pauly, A.; Robert, H. Lutetium bisphthalocyanine thin films for gas detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. May 1992, 8 (2): 129–135. doi:10.1016/0925-4005(92)80169-X.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Bidermane, I.; Lüder, J.; Boudet, S.; Zhang, T.; Ahmadi, S.; Grazioli, C.; Bouvet, M.; Rusz, J.; Sanyal, B.; Eriksson, O.; Brena, B.; Puglia, C.; Witkowski, N. Experimental and theoretical study of electronic structure of lutetium bi-phthalocyanine. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 21 June 2013, 138 (23): 234701. Bibcode:2013JChPh.138w4701B. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 23802970. doi:10.1063/1.4809725 （英語）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Toupance, Thierry; Plichon, Vincent; Simon, Jacques. Substituted bis(phthalocyanines): electrochemical properties and probe beam deflection (mirage) studies. New Journal of Chemistry. 1999, 23 (10): 1001–1006. doi:10.1039/A905248H.
^ Wang, Jun; Wang, Haibo; Zhang, Jian; Yan, Xuanjun; Yan, Donghang. Organic thin-film transistors with improved characteristics using lutetium bisphthalocyanine as a buffer layer. Journal of Applied Physics. 15 January 2005, 97 (2): 026106–026106–3. Bibcode:2005JAP....97b6106W. doi:10.1063/1.1840093.
^ Basova, Tamara; Gürek, Ayşe Gül; Ahsen, Vefa; Ray, Asim. Electrochromic lutetium phthalocyanine films for in situ detection of NADH. Optical Materials. 1 January 2013, 35 (3): 634–637. Bibcode:2013OptMa..35..634B. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2012.10.017.
^ Al-Sagur, H.; Komathi, S.; Khan, M.A.; Gurek, A.G.; Hassan, A. A novel glucose sensor using lutetium phthalocyanine as redox mediator in reduced graphene oxide conducting polymer multifunctional hydrogel. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. June 2017, 92: 638–645. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.038 （英語）.

[belarbi-1] Belarbi, Z.; Sirlin, C.; Simon, J.; Andre, Jean Jacques. Electrical and magnetic properties of liquid crystalline molecular materials: lithium and lutetium phthalocyanine derivatives. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. November 1989, 93 (24): 8105–8110. doi:10.1021/j100361a026.

[trometer-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Trometer, M.; Even, R.; Simon, J.; Dubon, A.; Laval, J.-Y.; Germain, J.P.; Maleysson, C.; Pauly, A.; Robert, H. Lutetium bisphthalocyanine thin films for gas detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. May 1992, 8 (2): 129–135. doi:10.1016/0925-4005(92)80169-X.

[bidermane-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Bidermane, I.; Lüder, J.; Boudet, S.; Zhang, T.; Ahmadi, S.; Grazioli, C.; Bouvet, M.; Rusz, J.; Sanyal, B.; Eriksson, O.; Brena, B.; Puglia, C.; Witkowski, N. Experimental and theoretical study of electronic structure of lutetium bi-phthalocyanine. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 21 June 2013, 138 (23): 234701. Bibcode:2013JChPh.138w4701B. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 23802970. doi:10.1063/1.4809725 （英語）.

[toupance-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Toupance, Thierry; Plichon, Vincent; Simon, Jacques. Substituted bis(phthalocyanines): electrochemical properties and probe beam deflection (mirage) studies. New Journal of Chemistry. 1999, 23 (10): 1001–1006. doi:10.1039/A905248H.

[5] Wang, Jun; Wang, Haibo; Zhang, Jian; Yan, Xuanjun; Yan, Donghang. Organic thin-film transistors with improved characteristics using lutetium bisphthalocyanine as a buffer layer. Journal of Applied Physics. 15 January 2005, 97 (2): 026106–026106–3. Bibcode:2005JAP....97b6106W. doi:10.1063/1.1840093.

[6] Basova, Tamara; Gürek, Ayşe Gül; Ahsen, Vefa; Ray, Asim. Electrochromic lutetium phthalocyanine films for in situ detection of NADH. Optical Materials. 1 January 2013, 35 (3): 634–637. Bibcode:2013OptMa..35..634B. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2012.10.017.

[7] Al-Sagur, H.; Komathi, S.; Khan, M.A.; Gurek, A.G.; Hassan, A. A novel glucose sensor using lutetium phthalocyanine as redox mediator in reduced graphene oxide conducting polymer multifunctional hydrogel. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. June 2017, 92: 638–645. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.038 （英語）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]