貓的智力
貓的智力是指貓解決問題和適應其周邊環境的能力。研究者們已經發現貓能在不同的情況下運用自己所積累的知識、表達自己的需求以及對訓練提示作出反應。
貓的大腦
腦容量
家貓的大腦大小約為五厘米長,重量在25到30克之間。[3][4]假設一隻貓的身長是60厘米而重量是3.3千克,那麼這隻貓的大腦重量是它整個身體的0.91%[5],與人類的2.33%有很大區別。[6]根據腦化指數來看的話,指數大於一的動物屬於腦袋大的那一類,反之亦然。而貓的腦化指數是1到1.71之間,人類的腦化指數為7.44到7.8。
貓科動物中有最大大腦的種類是是爪哇島和峇里島的老虎。 [7]脊椎動物的大腦大小和智力之間是否存在因果關係比較有爭議。很多實驗都證明了這些因素之間的聯繫性。但是,相關性並不意味着因果關係。大部分關於大腦大小與智力相關性的實驗都基於這樣一個假設,也就是「複雜的行為需要複雜(也就是聰明)的大腦才能做出來」。然而這種說法並沒有得到一貫的證明。 [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
貓大腦皮層的表面積大概是83cm²(平方厘米)。
腦部結構
根據塔夫茨大學獸醫學院的研究人員的說法,人類和貓的大腦的物理結構非常相似。 [13]人腦和貓腦都有大腦皮層,並且還有相似的葉。[14] [15] 據報道,貓腦中的神經元數量為2.03億。 [16] 對貓腦的一項分析還指出,貓腦被分為許多用於處理任務的不同區域,由輻條式網絡連結在一起。 [17]這種連接方式能讓貓的大腦擁有處理複雜環境以及做出快速反應的能力。
人和貓的大腦都是迴旋腦,意思是人腦貓腦都有表面褶皺。 [18] [19] 貓的丘腦結構包括有下丘腦、 [20]上丘腦、外側膝狀體核 [21]和其他二級核結構等部位。
參考資料
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- ^ Louie, K; Wilson, MA. Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep. Neuron. January 2001, 29 (1): 145–156. PMID 11182087. S2CID 10951037. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00186-6 .
- ^ Kinser, Patricia Anne. Brain and Body Size. Serendip. Bryn Mawr College. [26 June 2013]. (原始內容存檔於10 May 2007).
- ^ Kinser, Patricia Anne. Brain and Body Size. Serendip. Bryn Mawr College. [26 June 2013]. (原始內容存檔於10 May 2007).
- ^ Freberg, Laura. Relative Encephalization Quotients. Discovering Biological Psychology. 2009: 56. ISBN 978-0-547-17779-3.
- ^ Freberg, Laura. Relative Encephalization Quotients. Discovering Biological Psychology. 2009: 56. ISBN 978-0-547-17779-3.
- ^ Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Kitchener, Andrew C.; Gilissen, Emmanuel; MacDonald, David W. Brain size of the lion (Panthera leo) and the tiger (P. Tigris): Implications for intrageneric phylogeny, intraspecific differences and the effects of captivity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 98 (1): 85–93. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01249.x .
- ^ Healy, Susan D.; Rowe, Candy. A critique of comparative studies of brain size. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2007, 274 (1609): 453–64. JSTOR 25223800. PMC 1766390 . PMID 17476764. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3748.
- ^ Outhwaite, William. The Blackwell dictionary of modern social thought 2nd. Wiley-Blackwell. 2006: 257. ISBN 978-1-4051-3456-9.
- ^ Weiner, Irving B.; Craighead, W. Edward. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology 4. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 1857.
- ^ Sorabji, Richard. Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate. Cornell University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-8014-8298-4.[頁碼請求]
- ^ Zalta, Edward N. (編). Animal Consciousness. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 13 October 2010 [2022-11-11]. (原始內容存檔於2022-10-11).
- ^ Gross, Richard. Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4441-0831-6.[頁碼請求]
- ^ Mann, M. Sets of neurons in somatic cerebral cortex of the cat and their ontogeny. Brain Research Reviews. 1979, 180 (1): 3–45. PMID 385112. S2CID 35240517. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(79)90015-8.
- ^ How Smart Is Your Cat?. Cat Watach. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. February 2010 [2022-11-11]. (原始內容存檔於2019-04-26).
- ^ Ananthanarayanan, Rajagopal; Esser, Steven K.; Simon, Horst D.; Modha, Dharmendra S. Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis – SC '09. 2009: 1–12. ISBN 978-1-60558-744-8. doi:10.1145/1654059.1654124.
- ^ Kurths, Jürgen; Zhou, Changsong; Zamora-López, Gorka. Exploring Brain Function from Anatomical Connectivity. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2011, 5: 83. PMC 3124130 . PMID 21734863. doi:10.3389/fnins.2011.00083 .
- ^ Gyrencephalic Definition. Serendip. [6 February 2012]. (原始內容存檔於3 June 2012).
- ^ Smith, J. M.; James, M. F.; Bockhorst, K. H. J.; Smith, M. I.; Bradley, D. P.; Papadakis, N. G.; Carpenter, T. A.; Parsons, A. A.; et al. Investigation of feline brain anatomy for the detection of cortical spreading depression with magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Anatomy. 2001, 198 (5): 537–54. PMC 1468243 . PMID 11430693. doi:10.1017/S002187820100766X.
- ^ Bear, Mark F.; Connors, Barry W.; Paradiso, Michael A. https://books.google.com/books?id=DbahEn-y6AoC&pg=PA579
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缺少標題 (幫助). Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 2007: 579–81. ISBN 978-0-7817-6003-4. - ^ Fourment, A.; Hirsch, J.C. Synaptic potentials in cat's lateral geniculate neurons during natural sleep with special reference to paradoxical sleep. Neuroscience Letters. 1980, 16 (2): 149–54. PMID 6302571. S2CID 12172929. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(80)90335-3.