擬鴯鶓屬

擬鴯鶓屬; 化石時期：漸新世後期至中新世，25–10 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	鳥綱 Aves
目：	鶴鴕目 Casuariiformes
科：	鴯鶓科 Dromaiidae
屬：	†擬鴯鶓屬 Emuarius; Boles（德語：Walter Earl Boles）, 1992
模式種
	小擬鴯鶓; Emuarius gidju; (Patterson & Rich, 1987)
物種
	小擬鴯鶓 E. gidju; (Patterson & Rich, 1987); ？寬跗擬鴯鶓 E. guljaruba; Boles, 2001;
異名
	小鴯鶓 Dromaius gidju; Patterson & Rich, 1987;

擬鴯鶓屬（屬名：Emuarius）是已滅絕的鶴鴕目平胸鳥類，生存於晚漸新世至中新世時期的澳洲中部，與較後期出現的現生鴯鶓相比，體型較小^[5]，兩者同屬於鴯鶓科^[6]或鶴鴕科鴯鶓亞科^[7]。本屬包含小擬鴯鶓（E. gidju）與寬跗擬鴯鶓（E. guljaruba）兩個物種，但有學者認為僅有跗蹠骨被發現的寬跗擬鴯鶓可能是小擬鴯鶓的異名^[8]。

擬鴯鶓由於同時具有與現生的鶴鴕與鴯鶓相同，或介於兩者之間的特徵，被視為介於鶴鴕與鴯鶓這兩個演化支的中間型^[5]。兩種擬鴯鶓的跗蹠骨都比生活於叢林的鶴鴕纖細，而比生活於開闊草原與灌木叢的鴯鶓粗，可能與適應更開放的開闊棲地有關；但擬鴯鶓跗蹠骨遠端的第二滑車（英語：Trochlea）（trochlea metatarsi II）比鶴鴕小，而比鴯鶓大，顯示牠們尚未發展出如同鴯鶓那樣，為了需要經常奔跑的開闊環境而高度特化的生理結構^[1]^[2]。此外，化石相對較豐富的小擬鴯鶓，則還具有類似鴯鶓寬圓而較為扁平的上頜骨、構造與鶴鴕相似，比鴯鶓修長的股骨、形態與鴯鶓相似的足部等等^[5]。然而，儘管擬鴯鶓又像鶴鴕又像鴯鶓，系統發生學分析仍支持擬鴯鶓屬於鴯鶓類，而非鶴鴕類的成員^[7]^[8]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Boles, W. E. Hindlimb proportions and locomotion of Emuarius gidju (Patterson & Rich, 1987) (Aves: Casuariidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 1997, 41 (2): 235-240. ISSN 0079-8835.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Boles, W. E. A new emu (Dromaiinae) from the Late Oligocene Etadunna Formation. Emu. 2001, 101 (4): 317-321. ISSN 0158-4197. doi:10.1071/MU00052.
^ Mao, X.; Retallack, G. Late Miocene drying of central Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2019, 514: 292-304. ISSN 0031-0182. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.008.
^ Patterson, C.; Rich, P. V. The fossil history of the emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae). Records of the South Australian Museum. 1987, 21: 85-117 [2021-01-09]. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-07）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Boles, W. E. Revision of Dromaius gidju Patterson and Rich, 1987 from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia, with a reassessment of its generic position. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Science Series. 1992, 36: 195-208.
^ Bourdon, E.; Ricqlès, A. D.; Cubo, J. A new Transantarctic relationship: morphological evidence for a Rheidae–Dromaiidae–Casuariidae clade (Aves, Palaeognathae, Ratitae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 156: 641-663. ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1111/J.1096-3642.2008.00509.X.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Yates, A. M.; Worthy, T. H. A diminutive species of emu (Casuariidae: Dromaiinae) from the late Miocene of the Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019, 39 (4): e1665057. ISSN 1937-2809. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1665057.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Worthy, T. H.; Hand, S. J.; Archer, M. Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Oligo-Miocene ratite Emuarius gidju Casuariidae. Integrative Zoology. 2014, 9 (2): 148-166. ISSN 1749-4869. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12050.

[Boles1997-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Boles, W. E. Hindlimb proportions and locomotion of Emuarius gidju (Patterson & Rich, 1987) (Aves: Casuariidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 1997, 41 (2): 235-240. ISSN 0079-8835.

[Boles2001-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Boles, W. E. A new emu (Dromaiinae) from the Late Oligocene Etadunna Formation. Emu. 2001, 101 (4): 317-321. ISSN 0158-4197. doi:10.1071/MU00052.

[Mao2019-3] Mao, X.; Retallack, G. Late Miocene drying of central Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2019, 514: 292-304. ISSN 0031-0182. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.008.

[Patterson1987-4] Patterson, C.; Rich, P. V. The fossil history of the emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae). Records of the South Australian Museum. 1987, 21: 85-117 [2021-01-09]. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-07）.

[Boles1992-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Boles, W. E. Revision of Dromaius gidju Patterson and Rich, 1987 from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia, with a reassessment of its generic position. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Science Series. 1992, 36: 195-208.

[Bourdon2009-6] Bourdon, E.; Ricqlès, A. D.; Cubo, J. A new Transantarctic relationship: morphological evidence for a Rheidae–Dromaiidae–Casuariidae clade (Aves, Palaeognathae, Ratitae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 156: 641-663. ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1111/J.1096-3642.2008.00509.X.

[Yates2019-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Yates, A. M.; Worthy, T. H. A diminutive species of emu (Casuariidae: Dromaiinae) from the late Miocene of the Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019, 39 (4): e1665057. ISSN 1937-2809. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1665057.

[Worthy2014-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Worthy, T. H.; Hand, S. J.; Archer, M. Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Oligo-Miocene ratite Emuarius gidju Casuariidae. Integrative Zoology. 2014, 9 (2): 148-166. ISSN 1749-4869. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12050.

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