希格斯玻色子的探索歷史
在本篇文章裏,希格斯玻色子簡稱為「希子」。所有實驗結果的「置信水平」都是使用信號置信水平方法計算求得。[1]假若偵測到可能為新粒子的事件數量超過背景數量,則稱此為「超額事件」。任何發現新粒子的超額事件必需多過5個標準差才可算為正式發現。假若超額事件多過5個標準差,則偵測錯誤的機會是百萬分之一。
1989年-2009年
2010年
2011年
- 7月24日,分析超環面儀器(ATLAS)的實驗數據,排除標準模型希子的質量在155-以內,置信水平95%; 190 GeV[8]又從緊湊緲子線圈(CMS)得到的實驗結果,排除質量在149-以內,置信水平95%。 206 GeV[9]超環面儀器實驗團隊在同報告裏表示,LHC可能已偵測到希子的蹤跡,在低質量值域120−,偵測到超額事件,大約超過背景數量期望值2.8個 140 GeV標準差。[10]
- 7月27日,CDF/DØ實驗團隊發表結果,延伸先前排除值域至156-,置信水平95%;另外,在值域125- 177 GeV內,發現少許超額事件(大約1個標準差)。 155 GeV[11]
2012年
- 3月7日,CDF/DØ實驗團隊表示,在Tevatron的全部數據裏,偵測到可以被認為是希子的超額事件,質量在115-值域,標準差為2.2,對應於可能是統計漲落的 135 GeV或然率是250分之1。這符合超環面儀器與CMS獨立獲得的結果。[17]這結果排除希子質量在147-以內,置信水平95%。 179 GeV[18]
- 7月2日,DØ與CDF實驗團隊宣佈,進一步分析使他們更加有信心。他們排除希子的質量在100-、147- 103 GeV以內,置信水平95%。在能量115–140 GeV之間區域,超額事件的顯著性差異現在定量為2.9個 180 GeV標準差,這對應於在550次事件中,有一次事件是歸咎於統計漲落。這結果仍舊未能達到5個標準差,因此不能夠作定論。[19][20]
- 7月2日,超環面儀器實驗團隊發表2011年實驗數據分析,排除希子的質量在111.4-、119.4- 116.6 GeV、129.2- 122.1 GeV以內,置信水平95%,又在質量 541 GeV附近檢測出超額事件,標準差為2.9 126 GeV[21]
2013年
參閱
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