奧克斯特德
奧克斯特德（英語：Oxted）是英格蘭舒梨郡坦德里奇區的一個鎮、民政教區，位於北唐斯丘陵腳下，歌來頓登東南9英里（14公里）。它是一個睡城，有直達倫敦的火車。
奧克斯特德
| |
|---|---|
 | |
  奧克斯特德 奧克斯特德在舒梨郡的位置 | |
| 坐標：51°15′27″N 0°00′23″W / 51.2574°N 0.0065°W | |
| 主權國家 | 英國 |
| 國家 | 英格蘭 |
| 面積 | |
| • 總計 | 15.15 平方公里（5.85 平方英里） |
| 人口[1] | |
| • 總計 | 11,314人 |
| • 密度 | 747人/平方公里（1,934人/平方英里） |
| 郵鎮（郵區） | Oxted（RH8） |
| 電話區號 | 01883 |
| OS 格網參考 | TQ3953 |
| • 倫敦 | 17.9 mi（29 km） |
| 民政教區 |
|
| 區 | |
| 郡份 | |
| 警察 | 舒梨郡警察 |
| 消防 | 舒梨郡消防救援局 |
| 救護 | 東南海岸救護車服務 |
| 英國國會選區 |
|
詞源
此地地名最早出現於一份公元862年的盎格魯-撒克遜文獻，記載為「Acustyde」 [2]。1086年的末日審判書中為「Acstede」[3]，此後，陸續出現Akested （12世紀）、 Axsted 、 Axstude和Ocsted （13世紀）和Oxsted （14世紀）等寫法[4]。其名來源於古英語，āc意為「橡樹」，stede意為「地方」。[3][4]
歷史
鐵器時代當地就有人類活動，考古發現包括一枚可追溯到公元前3世紀或4世紀的金屬胸針[5]。在羅馬時期，從倫敦到路易斯以及從倫敦到白禮頓的道路從奧克斯特德兩側經過[6]。其定居點形成於盎格魯-撒克遜時期，當地的聖瑪麗教堂可能建在異教宗教遺址上[7]。從撒克遜時代晚期開始，該地區就屬於坦德里奇區（Tandridge Hundred）。[8]
參考文獻
- ^ Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期11 February 2003. United Kingdom Census 2011 Office for National Statistics Retrieved 21 November 2013
- ^ Leveson-Gower, Granville. Surrey Etymologies: Tandridge Hundred - Part II (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 1874, 6: 127–226 [1 December 2021]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於7 May 2022）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Mills 2003，第360頁.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Gover, Mawer & Stenton 1969，第332-334頁.
- ^ Williams, David. Some recent finds from East Surrey (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 1996, 83: 165–186 [2 December 2021]. doi:10.5284/1069216. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於7 May 2022）.
- ^ Ketteringham, Lesley. The M25 from Godstone to the Kent boundary (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 1990, 80: 121–132 [2 December 2021]. doi:10.5284/1069166. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於7 May 2022）.
- ^ Packham 1987，Introduction.
- ^ Alderton 1999，第13-14頁.
- Alderton, Mary. Oxted 2000: Oxted, Hurst Green and district – A history and guide for the millenium. Oxted: Oxted Parish Council. 1999. ISBN 978-0-95-362210-8.
- Alderton, Mary; Bridson, Michael. All Saints' yesterday and today: A history and portrait of the church and parish. Oxted: All Saints' Catholic Church. 2004.
- Blatch, Mervyn. The churches of Surrey. Chichester: Phillimore. 1997. ISBN 978-1-86-077002-9.
- Bower, Tom. Fayed: The Unauthorized Biography
. Macmillan. 1998: 43. ISBN 978-0-33-374554-0. - Bristow, Ron G. A history of Master Park, Oxted, Surrey. Oxted. 2002. ISBN 978-0-95-421670-2.
- Brown, Stanley. Continuing history of the Barn Theatre, Oxted – from 1948 to the present. Oxted: Barn Theatre. 1994.
- Crocker, Glenys. Surrey's Industrial Past (PDF). Guildford: Surrey Industrial History Group. 1999. ISBN 978-0-95-239188-3. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於3 February 2021）.
- Crook, Paul. Surrey Home Guard. Midhurst: Middleton Press. 2000. ISBN 1-901-70657-5.
- Dines, HG; Edmunds, FH; Chatwin, CP; Stubblefield, CJ. The geology of the country around Reigate and Dorking : Explanation of one-inch geological sheet 286, new series. London: British Geological Survey. 1933 [25 July 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2 January 2021）.
- Dines, HG; Buchan, S; Holmes, SCA; Bristow, CR; Stubblefield, CJ. The geology of the country around Sevenoaks and Tonbridge : Explanation of one-inch geological sheet 287, new series. London: British Geological Survey. 1969 [14 April 2022]. （原始內容存檔於7 May 2022）.
- Fry, Lewis G. (編). Oxted, Limpsfield and neighbourhood. Oxted: W. & G. Godwin. 1932.
- Gould, David. The Croydon, Oxted & East Grinstead Railway. Usk: Oakwood Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-85-361598-9.
- Gover, J.E.B.; Mawer, A.; Stenton, F.M. The place-names of Surrey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1969.
- Harrison, Beatrice. Cleveland-Peck, Patricia , 編. The cello and the nightingales : The autobiography of Beatrice Harrison. London: John Murray. 1985. ISBN 0-71-954208-1.
- Hébert, Brian; Packham, Roger. Oxted Cricket Club 1890-1990: A centenary celebration. Oxted: Oxted Cricket Club. 1990.
- Malden, H.E. (編). A History of the County of Surrey 4. London: Victoria County History. 1911 [27 November 2021]. （原始內容存檔於26 November 2021）.
- McCarthy, Kathleen. A hundred years in Hurst Green: The story of the church of St John the Evangelist. Hurst Green: Church of St John the Evangelist. 2013.
- Mills, A.D. Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-19-852758-9.
- Ogley, Bob. Surrey at war 1939-1945. Brasted Chart: Froglets. 1995. ISBN 978-1-87-233765-4.
- Packham, Roger. Oxted in old picture postcards 1. Zaltbommel, NL: European Library. 1987. ISBN 978-9-02-883493-4.
- Packham, Roger. Oxted in old picture postcards 2. Zaltbommel, NL: European Library. 1990. ISBN 978-9-02-884920-4.
- Percy, Kay; Gray, Peter (編). Oxted Explored. Oxted: Tandridge District Council. 1975.
- Tippett, Michael. Those twentieth century blues : An autobiography . London: Hutchinson. 1991. ISBN 978-0-09-175307-8.
