卡爾巴拉戰役

卡爾巴拉戰役（Battle of Karbala），公元680年10月10日發生於巴格達西南的卡爾巴拉，穆罕默德的外孫、什葉派領袖侯賽因·本·阿里率領自己的支持者對抗前來鎮壓的倭馬亞王朝葉齊德一世的大軍。最終前者全軍覆沒，阿里之子侯賽因陣亡。

延伸閱讀

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• Yildirim, Riza. In the Name of Hosayn's Blood: The Memory of Karbala as Ideological Stimulus to the Safavid Revolution. Journal of Persianate Studies. 2015, 8 (2): 127–154. doi:10.1163/18747167-12341289. 
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參考文獻

• al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, History of the Prophets and Kings; Volume XIX The Caliphate of Yazid b. Muawiyah, translated by I.K.A Howard, SUNY Press, 1991, ISBN 0-7914-0040-9.
• Kennedy, Hugh, The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State, Routledge, 2001.
• al-Muqarram, Abd al Razzaq, Maqtal al-Husayn, Martyrdom Epic of Imam al-Husayn （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, translated by Yasin T. Al-Jibouri, pub Al-Kharsan Foundation for Publications, originally published Qum, circa 1990. (al-Muqarram was born in 1899 and died in 1971—author's biography （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. This is a 20th-century book—see Islamic Historiography, by Chase F. Robinson, p. 35.)

外部連結

• What is Muharram?（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Battle of Karbalāʾ（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Encyclopædia Britannica
• List of the casualties of Karbla（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

Sunni links

• Karbala – A Lesson For Mankind （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

Shia links

• Events of Karbala （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Ashura.com （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Poetryofislam.com （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, poetry on Kerbala by Mahmood Abu Shahbaaz Londoni
• Sacred-texts.com （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Battle of Karbala （英文）
• Battle of Karbala（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• A Probe Into the History of Ashura （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Dr. Ibrahim Ayati