內謝爾拉姆拉人

內謝爾拉姆拉人(英文：Nesher Ramla Homo)是一種已滅絕的古代人類物種，生活在現代以色列地區的中更新世期間。

2021年，從內謝爾拉姆拉考古遺址的遺骸中發現了第一個內謝爾拉姆拉人。

分類學

Nesher Ramla

Qesem Cave

Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh

Tabun Cave

內謝爾拉姆拉遺址的位置，以及Zaidner等人在2021年假設的先前發現的人類化石的位置代表同一群體。 [1]^[1]

內謝爾拉姆拉遺址是在附近的水泥廠採石後在岩溶窪地中發現的。2010年至2011年期間，該遺址被挖掘出來，發現了舊石器時代中期的考古沉積物。^[2]在挖掘過程中發現了勒瓦婁哇技法和石核等人造石器的證據。^[3]

2021年，由以色列古生物學家赫什科維茨領導的挖掘工作發現了五塊顱骨和一個近乎完整的下頜。這些遺骸的年代可追溯到140-120 kya的中更新世。該標本被認為是為尼安德特人和東亞人做出貢獻的種群的最後倖存者之一。^[4]哈佛大學的 Philip Rightmire 不同意這一發現，認為頭骨實際上是早期的尼安德特人，並討論了尼安德特人從歐洲遷移的可能性。^[3]

出土文物

6,000多件石器在含化石的沉積物中出土了。內謝爾拉姆拉人掌握了以前在尼安德特人和智人中已知的石器生產技術，Zaidner將其解釋為內謝爾拉姆拉人和智人人口之間文化互動的證據。^[1]

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Zaidner Y, Centi L, Prévost M, Mercier N, Falguères C, Guérin G, Valadas H, Richard M, Galy A, Pécheyran C, Tombret O, Pons-Branchu E, Porat N, Shahack-Gross R, Friesem D, Yeshurun R, Turgeman-Yaffe Z, Frumkin A, Herzlinger G, Ekshtain R, Shemer M, Varoner O, Sarig R, May H, Hershkovitz I. Middle Pleistocene Homo behavior and culture at 140,000 to 120,000 years ago and interactions with Homo sapiens. Science. 25 June 2021, 372 (6549): 1429–1433. doi:10.1126/science.abh3020.
^ Friesem D, Zaidner Y, Shahack-Gross R. Formation processes and combustion features at the lower layers of the Middle Palaeolithic open-air site of Nesher Ramla, Israel. Quaternary International. 8 May 2014, 331: 128–138. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.023.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Zaidner Y, Centi L, Prévost M, Shemer M, Varoner O. An Open-Air Site at Nesher Ramla, Israel, and New Insights into Levantine Middle Paleolithic Technology and Site Use. The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. 2018: 11–33. ISBN 978-981-10-6825-6. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6826-3_2.
^ Hershkovitz I, May H, Sarig R, Pokhojaev A, Grimaud-Hervé D, Bruner E, Fornai C, Quam R, Arsuaga J, Krenn V, Martinón-Torres M, Castro J, Martín-Francés L, Slon V, Albessard-Ball L, Vialet A, Schüler A, Manzi G, Profico A, Vincenzo F, Weber G, Zaidner Y. A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel. Science. 25 June 2021, 372 (6549): 1424–1428. doi:10.1126/science.abh3169.

[Zaidner-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Zaidner Y, Centi L, Prévost M, Mercier N, Falguères C, Guérin G, Valadas H, Richard M, Galy A, Pécheyran C, Tombret O, Pons-Branchu E, Porat N, Shahack-Gross R, Friesem D, Yeshurun R, Turgeman-Yaffe Z, Frumkin A, Herzlinger G, Ekshtain R, Shemer M, Varoner O, Sarig R, May H, Hershkovitz I. Middle Pleistocene Homo behavior and culture at 140,000 to 120,000 years ago and interactions with Homo sapiens. Science. 25 June 2021, 372 (6549): 1429–1433. doi:10.1126/science.abh3020.

[2] Friesem D, Zaidner Y, Shahack-Gross R. Formation processes and combustion features at the lower layers of the Middle Palaeolithic open-air site of Nesher Ramla, Israel. Quaternary International. 8 May 2014, 331: 128–138. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.023.

[#1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Zaidner Y, Centi L, Prévost M, Shemer M, Varoner O. An Open-Air Site at Nesher Ramla, Israel, and New Insights into Levantine Middle Paleolithic Technology and Site Use. The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. 2018: 11–33. ISBN 978-981-10-6825-6. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6826-3_2.

[Hershkovitz-4] Hershkovitz I, May H, Sarig R, Pokhojaev A, Grimaud-Hervé D, Bruner E, Fornai C, Quam R, Arsuaga J, Krenn V, Martinón-Torres M, Castro J, Martín-Francés L, Slon V, Albessard-Ball L, Vialet A, Schüler A, Manzi G, Profico A, Vincenzo F, Weber G, Zaidner Y. A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel. Science. 25 June 2021, 372 (6549): 1424–1428. doi:10.1126/science.abh3169.

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