物品圖書館
此條目論述以美國為主,未必有普世通用的觀點。 (2023年3月21日) |
物品圖書館(英語:Library of Things)是可供借用的物品的集合,以及任何提供出借這些物品的組織。提供出借的物品通常包括廚房用具、工具、園藝設備和種子[1]、電子產品[2]、玩具、遊戲、藝術品[3]、科學實驗用具、工藝用品、樂器和娛樂設備[4]。特別適合借用的物品是使用頻率不高但存儲起來很麻煩的物品,例如專用廚具或小眾技術產品[5]。不同的物品圖書館提供的物品差異很大[6]。
物品圖書館運動在許多國家的公共圖書館、學術圖書館和專業圖書館中日益增長[7][8]。也有不是圖書館的獨立組織,例如工具圖書館、玩具圖書館、社區共享中心[9]、獨立的非營利組織和個人倡議。 英國托特尼斯的Share Shed正在開發第一個移動的物品圖書館。這些組織通常得到教育計劃和公共活動的支持[10]。這些借出中心和物品圖書館是共享經濟的一種體現[11]。
借出物品
美術和工藝品
提供租借藝術品,例如版畫、海報、繪畫和其他視覺藝術品[12]。此外,許多物品圖書館都提供借用美術或手工藝用品,例如縫紉機、編織工具包、模切機、紙藝工具、珠寶修理和刺繡工具包、剪貼簿工具和紐扣製作工具等等[13]。
電子產品
有些圖書館一段時間以前就開始出借電子閱讀器、平板電腦和筆記本電腦等電子產品,但現在正在擴大通過物品網圖書館出借的電子產品範圍。包括移動熱點、投影儀、掃描儀、 GoPro 、繪圖板、數字和膠片相機、視頻遊戲、轉換器(把黑膠唱片、盒式磁帶和 VHS 轉錄到數字文件的機器)、綠屏和攝像機等等[14]。
樂器
有些物品圖書館出借樂器,通常附有樂譜、調諧器、放大器和教育資源[15]。美國賓夕法尼亞州費城的自由圖書館於2016年推出了樂器收藏,出借包括電吉他、曼陀林、電貝司、四弦琴、原聲電吉他和班卓琴等[16]。美國華盛頓州的洛佩斯島圖書館引進了樂器「動物園」,包括木吉他、電吉他、班卓琴、大提琴、單簧管、短笛、圓號、電子鍵盤、豎笛、尤克里里、中提琴和小提琴等樂器[17]。美國俄勒岡州傑克遜縣的圖書館甚至出借桌上型電子鼓和卡林巴琴[18]。
廚房設備
專用的廚房設備,包括食品脫水機、爆米花機、冰淇淋機、專用攪拌機和蛋糕盤[19]等,可供家庭借用。還有空氣炸鍋、速溶鍋和攪拌機等[18]。蛋糕盤和新奇烤盤一直是物品圖書館特別受歡迎的物品,還有許多獨立的組織正在創建中[20]。
園藝和種子庫
不少公共圖書館收藏種子[21]。許多這些圖書館都允許用戶在播種的季節「借出」種子;只要他們同意種植借出的種子,然後在收成的時候把種子還到收藏中[22]。一些種子庫成為了與美國州政府的農業部門爭論的焦點[23]。農業設備、景觀美化工具和園藝用品也包含在借出的物品,可能包括耙子、樹籬修剪機、修枝剪、吹葉機和割草機等[24]。一些圖書館甚至正在創建社區花園 ,用戶可以「借出」其中一塊土地來種植植物[25][26]。
家用工具
工具圖書館是許多城市受到歡迎的獨立的借用中心,許多傳統圖書館也加入了工具收藏供借用[27]。用於家庭裝修、建築和精細木工的手動和電動工具是圖書館的熱門借出品,並且通常伴隨着教學與活動[28]。
物品圖書館越來越多提供家用監控設備及配套設備,例如熱像儀、檢漏儀、空氣質量計、紅外線溫度計、能量計和其他監測設備[29]。
娛樂休閒用品
一些圖書館提供了休閒用品,有時與當地的公園部門合作。包括釣竿[30]、飛盤和威浮球、觀鳥工具和槌球[31]、羽毛球、硬地滾球或匹克球用具[32]。
類似的,一些圖書館也提供社交娛樂的派對用品,包括棉花糖、卡拉OK 機、巧克力噴泉或音箱等[33]。
科學用品與創客運動
創客運動[34]對物品圖書館產生了很大影響。有些圖書館可能提供LittleBits 、 Arduino 、 Makey Makey 、 Raspberry Pi 、機器人套件、編程玩具、 3D 打印機、乙烯基切割機、激光切割機等[4][35]。也有圖書館提供數碼顯微鏡、望遠鏡、測光表和科學工具包等[36]。
玩具
玩具圖書館在美國的歷史很長,可以追溯到大蕭條時期[37]。有些圖書館已經開始接受玩具收藏,並將娃娃、桌上遊戲[38]、拼圖、積木和各種其他玩具加入收藏[37][39]。佛羅里達州的棕櫚港公共圖書館收藏了角色扮演遊戲,例如《龍與地下城》[40]。
其他物品
參考
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