布來韋肽

布來韋肽(英語:Bulevirtide)是一種抗病毒藥物,最初用於治療慢性丁型肝炎[6],現如今還被研究用於治療乙型肝炎[4][7][8]。在化學上是一種由脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸和47個氨基酸構成多肽[9][註 1]。2020年7月被歐盟批准作為單一療法藥物或與核苷類似物聯合用藥用於治療成年人慢性丁型肝炎病毒感染[7][8][10]

布來韋肽
臨床資料
商品名英語Drug nomenclatureHepcludex
其他名稱布爾韋肽、MyrB, Myrcludex-B[1]
給藥途徑皮下注射
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
識別資訊
CAS號2012558-47-1
DrugBank
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
化學資訊
化學式C248H355N65O72
摩爾質量5,398.95 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英語JSmol
  • CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(N)=O)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O
  • InChI=1S/C248H355N65O72/c1-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-38-75-193(327)265-118-196(330)304-205(133(15)316)241(378)295-163(104-188(256)322)224(361)283-152(91-127(6)7)216(353)303-175(122-315)232(369)306-204(129(10)11)248(385)313-88-53-74-182(313)239(376)301-172(107-191(259)325)246(383)312-87-50-70-178(312)235(372)291-150(89-125(2)3)209(346)268-120-195(329)274-154(93-135-56-32-27-33-57-135)217(354)296-168(95-137-60-36-29-37-61-137)242(379)308-83-49-72-180(308)237(374)294-167(111-201(339)340)230(367)286-157(98-140-115-261-123-269-140)220(357)277-148(76-78-183(251)317)213(350)282-151(90-126(4)5)215(352)300-173(112-202(341)342)247(384)307-82-47-68-176(307)233(370)273-132(14)208(345)279-153(92-134-54-30-26-31-55-134)210(347)267-119-194(328)271-130(12)206(343)280-160(101-185(253)319)226(363)302-174(121-314)231(368)288-161(102-186(254)320)225(362)299-171(106-190(258)324)245(382)311-86-52-73-181(311)238(375)293-166(110-200(337)338)229(366)285-156(96-138-113-263-144-64-41-39-62-142(138)144)219(356)290-165(109-199(335)336)227(364)284-155(94-136-58-34-28-35-59-136)218(355)298-170(105-189(257)323)244(381)310-85-51-71-179(310)236(373)292-162(103-187(255)321)223(360)275-146(66-43-45-80-249)212(349)289-164(108-198(333)334)228(365)287-158(99-141-116-262-124-270-141)221(358)297-169(97-139-114-264-145-65-42-40-63-143(139)145)243(380)309-84-48-69-177(309)234(371)278-149(77-79-197(331)332)211(348)272-131(13)207(344)281-159(100-184(252)318)222(359)276-147(67-44-46-81-250)214(351)305-203(128(8)9)240(377)266-117-192(260)326/h26-37,39-42,54-65,113-116,123-133,146-182,203-205,263-264,314-316H,16-25,38,43-53,66-112,117-122,249-250H2,1-15H3,(H2,251,317)(H2,252,318)(H2,253,319)(H2,254,320)(H2,255,321)(H2,256,322)(H2,257,323)(H2,258,324)(H2,259,325)(H2,260,326)(H,261,269)(H,262,270)(H,265,327)(H,266,377)(H,267,347)(H,268,346)(H,271,328)(H,272,348)(H,273,370)(H,274,329)(H,275,360)(H,276,359)(H,277,357)(H,278,371)(H,279,345)(H,280,343)(H,281,344)(H,282,350)(H,283,361)(H,284,364)(H,285,366)(H,286,367)(H,287,365)(H,288,368)(H,289,349)(H,290,356)(H,291,372)(H,292,373)(H,293,375)(H,294,374)(H,295,378)(H,296,354)(H,297,358)(H,298,355)(H,299,362)(H,300,352)(H,301,376)(H,302,363)(H,303,353)(H,304,330)(H,305,351)(H,306,369)(H,331,332)(H,333,334)(H,335,336)(H,337,338)(H,339,340)(H,341,342)/t130-,131-,132-,133+,146-,147-,148-,149-,150-,151-,152-,153-,154-,155-,156-,157-,158-,159-,160-,161-,162-,163-,164-,165-,166-,167-,168-,169-,170-,171-,172-,173-,174-,175-,176-,177-,178-,179-,180-,181-,182-,203-,204-,205-/m0/s1
  • Key:WQNDXLHKAMIGEX-WOAPPVHJSA-N

作用機制

布來韋肽為一種進入抑制劑,其與肝細胞上的牛磺膽酸鈉共轉運多肽英語Sodium/bile acid cotransporter(NTCP)受體靶向結合,阻斷乙肝病毒和丁肝病毒進入肝細胞。因為NTCP受體是兩種病毒進入肝細胞重要的受體[4],由此來實現限制病毒的複製,緩解感染症狀[11][8]

具體來說,乙肝病毒通過其衣殼表面名為「前S1(Pre-S1)」的脂肽英語Lipopeptide與肝細胞表面的NTCP轉運蛋白結合,然後通過膜融合將核酸注入肝細胞內[7][8]。 而布來韋肽是一種合成的N-酰基化前S1脂肽[12][13],同樣可以和NTCP受體結合,阻礙了病毒與之結合[14]

其對丁型肝炎感染有治療效果是因為丁肝病毒是一種只寄生於乙肝病毒中的一種擬病毒,而且其和乙肝病毒一樣也是通過與NTCP受體結合進入肝細胞[14][8]

在小鼠身上展開的研究表明,布來韋肽對NTCP介導的膽汁酸鹽吸收有藥理學抑制效果,對膽汁淤積情況下可能具有降低膽汁酸鹽沉積作用,從而減少對肝細胞的損害[15]。在NTCP被抑制後,膽汁中磷脂/膽汁酸鹽比例增加,這可能進一步有助於保護肝臟,因為存在磷脂的情況下膽汁酸鹽的毒性較小[16]

布來韋肽最常見的副作用包括血液中膽汁酸鹽水平升高和注射部位不良反應[4]

注釋

  1. ^ 結構為CH3(CH2)12CO-Gly-Thr-Asn-Leu-Ser-Val-Pro-Asn-Pro-Leu-Gly-Phe-Phe-Pro-Asp-His-Gln-Leu-Asp-Pro-Ala-Phe-Gly-Ala-Asn-Ser-Asn-Asn-Pro-Asp-Trp-Asp-Phe-Asn-Pro-Asn-Lys-Asp-His-Trp-Pro-Glu-Ala-Asn-Lys-Val-Gly-NH2。簡寫:C13H27CO-GTNLSVPNPLGFFPDHQLDPAFGANSNNPDWDFNPNKDHWPEANKVG-NH2

參考文獻

  1. ^ Deterding K, Wedemeyer H. Beyond Pegylated Interferon-Alpha: New Treatments for Hepatitis Delta. AIDS Reviews. 2019, 21 (3): 126–134. PMID 31532397. S2CID 202674681. doi:10.24875/AIDSRev.19000080. 
  2. ^ Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2024) Instrument 2024. Federal Register of Legislation. 30 May 2024 [10 June 2024]. 
  3. ^ Hepcludex 2 mg powder for solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). (emc). 30 March 2022 [1 July 2022]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hepcludex EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 26 May 2020 [12 August 2020].  Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  5. ^ Hepcludex Product information. Union Register of medicinal products. [3 March 2023]. 
  6. ^ 丁型肝炎. 世界衛生組織. 2023-07-20 (中文(中國大陸)). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 劉義思, 陳新月. 治疗慢性乙型肝炎新药研发的研究进展. 臨床肝膽病雜誌. 2022, 38 (6): 1387-1392. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.06.035. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 王彥, 張福傑. 丁型肝炎抗病毒治疗药物的研究进展. 臨床肝膽病雜誌. 2023, 39 (4): 776-784. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.06.035. 
  9. ^ Sauter M, Blank A, Stoll F, Lutz N, Haefeli WE, Burhenne J. Intact plasma quantification of the large therapeutic lipopeptide bulevirtide. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. September 2021, 413 (22): 5645–5654. PMC 8410713 . PMID 34018034. doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03384-7. 
  10. ^ Summary of opinion: Hepcludex (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 28 May 2020. 
  11. ^ Francisco EM. Hepcludex. European Medicines Agency. 29 May 2020 [6 August 2020]. (原始內容存檔於15 June 2020). 
  12. ^ Volz T, Allweiss L, Ben MBarek M, Warlich M, Lohse AW, Pollok JM, et al. The entry inhibitor Myrcludex-B efficiently blocks intrahepatic virus spreading in humanized mice previously infected with hepatitis B virus. Journal of Hepatology. May 2013, 58 (5): 861–867. PMID 23246506. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.008. 
  13. ^ Abbas Z, Abbas M. Management of hepatitis delta: Need for novel therapeutic options. World Journal of Gastroenterology. August 2015, 21 (32): 9461–9465. PMC 4548107 . PMID 26327754. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i32.9461 . 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Spreitzer H. Neue Wirkstoffe – Myrcludex B. Österreichische Apothekerzeitung. 14 September 2015, (19/2015): 12 (German). 
  15. ^ Na+ -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide inhibition has hepatoprotective effects in cholestasis in mice. Slijepcevic D, Roscam Abbing RLP, Fuchs CD, Haazen LCM, Beuers U, Trauner M, Oude Elferink RPJ, van de Graaf SFJ. Hepatology. 2018 Sep;68(3):1057-1069. doi: 10.1002/hep.29888
  16. ^ Roscam Abbing RL, Slijepcevic D, Donkers JM, Havinga R, Duijst S, Paulusma CC, et al. Blocking Sodium-Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide Stimulates Biliary Cholesterol and Phospholipid Secretion in Mice. Hepatology. January 2020, 71 (1): 247–258. PMC 7003915 . PMID 31136002. doi:10.1002/hep.30792.